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Genus: Homo
Family tree
Homo habilis
Homo ergastger
Homo erectus Homo heidelbergensis
homo neanderthalensis Modern homo sapiens
Homo habilis
• brain: 610-750 cc. (compare with average of 1350 for modern humans)
• 2.3-1.7 mya• used simple Oldowan stone tool-kit – because of limited brain and/or manual dexterity development
Homo ergaster
approx. 1.8-1.0 mya
homo ergaster• brain: some skulls measure 870 cc – some
possibly more than 900 cc• More advanced Acheulean technology• Moved north to cold climates, possibly
wore clothing.
Homo erectus
• approx. 1.15 mya- 27,000 ya (maybe)
• Brain: avg. about 1000 cc
• Still Acheulean tool kit.
but…
Homo erectus
They were wide-spread – all across the old world, possibly even able to build boats to travel sort distances to coastal islands.
Homo Hiedelbergensis (Archaic homo sapiens)
• Evolved out of homo erectus about 650,000 ya, lasted until they spawned and were replaced by neanderthals first, then modern humans about 100,000 ya
• Brain size: close to modern size, 1100cc – 1200cc avg.
Archaic homo sapiens
• Range: all over the old world (no evidence in new).
• Much like modern humans, different facial features.
Neanderthals
• From approx, 130,000 ya-possibly 28,000 ya. (Very recent)
• Short, stocky build, flattened head, longer in the back. Their eyes were up higher than ours are.
Neanderthals
• Brain: Some say slightly smaller than ours, others put the average at about 1400 cc, or slightly larger than modern humans’.
• Mousterian tools. Didn’t adapt as easily to more sophisticated tools – possible cause for extinction when in competition with modern humans.
Modern homo sapiens
• Emerged between 100,000-50,000 years ago• Full sized 1200-1800 cc brains. Avg. 1350
• Mousterian tools → Cro-Magnon tools (upper paleolithic) → planes trains and automobiles.
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