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What is the difference between a hacking attack and a cyberwar attack? What do current militaries consider an attack vs. exploitation or just «normal operations»? Kevin will present an overview on the cyber warfare topic and the current understanding of Advanced Persistent Threats in the context of cyber defense. Referent: Kevin Kirst
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Cyber Security Services
www.pwc.com
Cyber Warfare Realities
Kevin KirstPwC Switzerland
Agenda
• Background
• Cyber Warfare
• National Cyber Investments
• The Components
PwC
• Recent Activity
• Why hasn’t it happened yet?
2One Security
My Background
US Military Officer (Pacific Area of Operations)
• Comms & IT Infrastructure
• Military Satellites
• Cyber Operations
PwC
KPMG
• DoD Consulting
Booz Allen Hamilton
• DoD Cyber Threat Intelligence & Operations
PwC Switzerland
• OneSecurity – Cyber Security
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Background
“The use of electronic means makes it possible to steal large quantitiesof data at once or within a short time. Such cases of sophisticatedelectronic espionage are regularly recorded.”
-Federal Intelligence Services Switzerland 2013
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“The FIS has clear indications that the authorities of various countrieshave been directly or indirectly involved in cyber attacks.”
-Federal Intelligence Services Switzerland 2013
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Federal Intelligence Services 2013
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Cyber Threats
What is cyber warfare?
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Who is investing in Cyber?
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China
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APT1: Unit 61398 (2013)
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Cyber Warfare components
Computer Network Operations (CNO)
• Computer Network Exploitation (CNE)
• Computer Network Defense (CND)
• Computer Network Attack (CNA)
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Exploit to Attack?
“Any cyber operation that results in death or significant damage toproperty qualifies as an armed attack.” –Talinn Manual
The Tallinn Manual
• States may not knowingly allow cyber infrastructure located intheir territory to be used for acts that adversely affect other States.
• States may be responsible for cyber operations directed against otherStates, even though those operations were not conducted by thesecurity agencies. (i.e. hacktivist)
PwC
• The International Group of Experts agreed that cyber operations thatmerely cause inconvenience or irritation do not qualify as usesof force.
• States may respond to unlawful cyber operations that do not rise tothe level of a use of force with countermeasures.
• A State that is the victim of a cyber “armed attack” may respond byusing force. The force may be either cyber or kinetic.
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Oktober 2012
Activity Quick Look
Recent Activity:
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Why hasn’t it happened yet?
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Obfuscation
Definitions
Attribution
Confidence
These are easier to respond too….and to use
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Obfuscation Definitions
Attribution Confidence
Conclusion
“....the risk of misattribution and escalation is real, and we always haveto consider the broad foreign policy implications of our actions.”
- Michael Daniel, White House Cybersecurity Coordinator
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Questions?
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PwC’s Cyber Security Services
Current Service Offerings:
• Cyber Threat Assessment
• Cyber Intelligence Assessment
PwC
• Cyber Stress Tests
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Antoine Berthaut
Avenue Giuseppe-Motta 50
1211 Genève
Direct: +41 58 792 9233antoine.berthaut@ch.pwc.com
Contact us
Robert Metcalf
Avenue Giuseppe-Motta 50
1211 Genève
Direct: +41 58 792 9242
robert.metcalf@ch.pwc.com
PwC
Thomas Koch
Birchstrasse 160Postfach, 8050 Zürich
Direct: +41 58 792 2954
thomas.koch@ch.pwc.com
Holger Greif
Birchstrasse 160Postfach, 8050 Zürich
Direct: +41 58 792 1386
holger.greif@ch.pwc.com
18Gianfranco Mautone
Birchstrasse 160Postfach, 8050 ZürichDirect: +41 58 792 1760
gianfranco.mautone@ch.pwc.com
Juergen Mueller
Avenue avenue C.-F. -Ramuz 45Case postale, 1001 Lausanne
Direct: +41 58 792 8141
juergen.t.mueller@ch.pwc.com
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