Crowdsourced mapping for open collaboration: A story of Taiwan so far

財團法⼈人國際合作發展基⾦金會 知識沙⻯⿓龍

Dongpo Deng !

OpenStreetMap Taiwan 2014.12.12

Crowdsourced mapping for open collaboration:

A story of Taiwan so far

Hi, I’m Dongpo from Taiwan

• My first mapping was created in Croatia in 2006

• Main organizer of SotM Taiwan 2012 and 2013

• Translation of Map Feature to tradition Chinese version

• Corresponding mapper of OSM Taiwan Local chapter

http://hdyc.neis-one.org/?dongpo

See me in OSM

Sudan Flooding

Philippine Haiyen Typhoon

http://www.yosmhm.neis-one.org/?dongpo

OpenStreetMap Taiwan

http://resultmaps.neis-one.org/oooc

VGI & Citizen Science

Civic Hackers

Open Data

OSM

2007

osm.kcwu.csie.org/history/index.html

2008

osm.kcwu.csie.org/history/index.html

2009

osm.kcwu.csie.org/history/index.html

2010

osm.kcwu.csie.org/history/index.html

2011

osm.kcwu.csie.org/history/index.html

2012

osm.kcwu.csie.org/history/index.html

2013

osm.kcwu.csie.org/history/index.html

2014

osm.kcwu.csie.org/history/index.html

The growth of nodes

• C

12505% 11413% 11759% 54577%198162%

494994%

1017155%

1653445%

0%

500000%

1000000%

1500000%

2000000%

2500000%

3000000%

3500000%

4000000%

2007% 2008% 2009% 2010% 2011% 2012% 2013% 2014%

Nodes&

nodes%

Accu.%Nodes%Cum. Nodes

The growth of ways

131# 229# 358# 3066# 9778#

31112#

65569#

217795#

0#

50000#

100000#

150000#

200000#

250000#

300000#

350000#

2007# 2008# 2009# 2010# 2011# 2012# 2013# 2014#

Ways%

ways#

Accu.#ways#Cum. Ways

The growth of relations

0" 1" 11" 4" 39" 190"

1533"

7602"

0"

1000"

2000"

3000"

4000"

5000"

6000"

7000"

8000"

9000"

10000"

2007" 2008" 2009" 2010" 2011" 2012" 2013" 2014"

Rela%ons)

rela0ons"

Accu."Rela0ons"Cum. Relations

The growth of users

2" 23" 30" 60" 105"

345"

528"

1106"

0"

500"

1000"

1500"

2000"

2500"

2007" 2008" 2009" 2010" 2011" 2012" 2013" 2014"

contributors"

Accu."Contribu8ons"Cum. Contributors

Number of mappers and nodes

Distribution of the cells by both mapper count and node count

Mapping the cells in Taiwan by their types

Distributions of Mappers

Spatial distribution of mappers over area

Spatial distribution of mappers over population

Distributions of Nodes

Spatial distribution of nodes over area

Spatial distribution of nodes over population

Node Age Average and Variance

Spatial distribution of average node age

Spatial distribution of the variance of node age

Number of Mappers and Update Interval

Distribution of the cells by both mapper count and average time

gap between two additions.Spatial distribution of the

cells by their types

How many mappers do 80% works?

The 80/20 Hypothesis

Spatial distribution of the cells by their types

Distribution of the cells by both mapper count and ratio of

mappers needed for combined 80% node contribution

The One and Many Maps:Participatory and Temporal Diversities in OpenStreetMap⇤

Tyng–Ruey Chuang†

Institute ofInformation Science

Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan

Dong–Po Deng‡

Institute ofInformation Science

Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan

Chun–Chen Hsu§

Institute ofInformation Science

Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan

Rob LemmensFaculty of

Geo–InformationScience and EarthObservation (ITC)

University of TwenteEnschede, Netherlands

ABSTRACTOpenStreetMap is an open and collaborative project withthousands of people contributing GPS traces and other datainto the making of a global map of places and networks. Itis open in the sense that everyone can contribute to theproject, and results from the project are free for everyoneto reuse. This is contrary to traditional cartography whereoften a central authority controls the making of the mapand its release. Is OpenStreetMap more democratic, and inwhat sense? Is OpenStreetMap more relevant to the mass,and how can we judge?

We define and use several metrics to measure temporalproperties of defined areas in OpenStreetMap, and to sam-ple modes of participation in these areas. These metrics areused to graph the datasets representing the current Open-StreetMap so as to reveal unevenness in user participationand data temporality. We use the dataset about Taiwan asa test case to observe participatory and temporal diversitiesamong di↵erent areas of Taiwan in OpenStreetMap.

Categories and Subject DescriptorsH.2.8 [Database Applications]: Spatial Database and GIS;H.3.5 [Online Information System]: Web-based services;

⇤This research is supported in part by the National ScienceCouncil of Taiwan (grant no. NSC101-2119-M-001-004 andNSC102-2627-M-001-009).†Tyng–Ruey Chuang is also with the Research Center forInformation Technology Innovation, Academia Sinica.‡Dong–Po Deng is also a PhD candidate at the Facultyof Geo–Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC),University of Twente.§Chun–Chen Hsu is also a PhD candidate at the Departmentof Computer Science and Information Engineering, NationalTaiwan University.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for per-sonal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are notmade or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bearthis notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for componentsof this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstract-ing with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post onservers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or afee. Request permissions from Permissions@acm.org.ACM SIGSPATIAL GEOCROWD’13, Nov. 5, 2013. Orlando, FL, USA.ACM ISBN 978-1-4503-2528-8 /13/11.

H.5.3 [Group and Organization Interfaces]: Collabora-tive computing

General TermsDesign, Human Factors, Measurement

KeywordsCartography, Metrics, OpenStreetMap, Participation, Tem-porality

1. BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATIONThe Web has changed the way of geospatial information

production and sharing. Online mapping services enablepeople not only to consume but also produce geospatial in-formation [15]. The term Volunteered Geographic Informa-tion (VGI) was coined to describe collaborative mappingactivities as well as voluntary contributions of geographicdata from the mappers [5]. OpenStreetMap (OSM) is oneof the representative examples of VGI. OpenStreetMap is awiki–style online mapping platform in which tens of thou-sands of people voluntarily contribute geospatial data intothe making of a global map [7]. Its peer production modeldemonstrates that more and more mapping activities aredone by the citizens. It represents the success of a collectiveform of geospatial content creation.

Collaborative geospatial content creation is not a new con-cept in the field of geographic information. The idea can betracked back to Public Participation Geographic Informa-tion Systems (PPGIS) in which non–governmental organi-zations, grassroots groups, and community–based organiza-tions use GIS to broaden public involvement in policymak-ing [14]. With the use of open source software and the fa-cilitation of an online framework for collecting geospatialdata, OpenStreetMap, however, created a new paradigmof collaborative mapping. OpenStreetMap o↵ers a venuefor rapid convergence of information technologies, geospa-tial information, and user communities. As witnessed bythe rapid increase of contributors and their contributions,OpenStreetMap has shown the promise of geospatial datacollaboration and sharing. We view the characteristics ofdata collaboration in OpenStreetMap as the subjects of VGIresearch.

The geographic information science community has startedto study OpenStreetMap in particular about user motiva-

79

Tyng-Ruey Chuang, Dong-Po Deng, Chun–Chen Hsu, and Rob Lemmens. The One and Many Maps: Participatory and Temporal Diversities in OpenStreetMap, in Proceedings of ACM GeoCrowd 2013

Open Community for Collaboration

Mapping parties

Mapping Party for local history and culture

Japanese immigrant villages at the period when Taiwan under Japanese rule

http://tools.geofabrik.de/mc/?mt0=mapnik&mt1=googlemap&lon=121.50807&lat=23.84155&zoom=17

Mapping party for democracy

OSM Mapping team for aboriginal tribes (Sedek and Taroko)

Drupal TW x OSM TW

Open Data for Collaboration

Mapping for trials’ surface Taiwan Trail Volunteer x OSM TW

Mapping trees for open data

http://www.treezilla.org/map/

Mapping trees for open data

Mapping trees for open data

Mapping trees for open data

Reptile Road Mortality

Stared at August 8, 2011 12,000+ records 69,00+ members

A post on the Facebook group Reptile Road Mortality

Observation Provider: ��Chuang Yu Ta

Photo: �A proof of occurrence

Observation date: ��2013/12/4

Species Identifier: �Joyce Chen

Species name: ���� (Melogale moschata)Identification Date: ��Dec. 4, 2013

Post section

Comment section

Thread

Observation location:��Geoname:���������� (Sindian)��Road kilometre:���������9�16.3K (Province Road No.9, 16.3 kilometer)��Lat:24.95149��Lon:121.57520��Lat:151m

Management of the crowdsourced data

The growth of data in Reptile Road Mortality

Crowdsourced mapping for Crisis

Crisis mapping for Kaohsiung gas explosion

Time map for the gas explosion

Open UAV images

Crisis mapping for Kaohsiung gas explosion

Many thanks for Satoshi Iida (@nyampire)

Damaged houses after the gas explosion

Before After

Open collaboration is not only happening now but also will keep going in the future

Thank you for your attentions! !

Questions? !

@dongpo dongpo.deng@gmail.com

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