Chemistry

Lipids

• Triglycerides

• Waxes

• Steroids

• Phospholipids

Triglycerides - Elements

• Carbon

• Hydrogen

• Oxygen

Triglycerides - Examples

• Fats

• Oils

Triglycerides - Subunits

• 3 Fatty Acids

• Glycerol

Triglycerides - Functions

• Energy source – 9 Cal/g

• Insulation

• Secondary solvent of cells

Waxes - Elements

• Carbon

• Hydrogen

• Oxygen

Waxes - Examples

• Ear Wax

• Thin covering on plants

– Cutin

Waxes - Subunits

• 3 Fatty Acids

• Alcohol chain

Waxes - Functions

• Waterproofing

• Protection

Steroids - Elements

• Carbon

• Hydrogen

• Oxygen

Steroids - Examples

• Hormones

• Cholesterol

Steroids - Subunits

• 4 carbon rings

Steroids - Functions

• Structural elements of cells

Phospholipids - Elements

• Carbon

• Hydrogen

• Oxygen

Phospholipids - Example

• Cell Membrane

Phospholipids - Subunits

• 2 Fatty acids

• Glycerol

Phospholipids - Functions

• Forms a barrier around the cell

Proteins - Elements

• Carbon

• Hydrogen

• Oxygen

• Nitrogen

Proteins - Examples• Insulin

– Regulation of the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats

• Hemoglobin– Iron-containing respiratory pigment in red blood cells

• Albumin– Proteins that are found in egg white, blood serum, milk, and

many other animal and plant tissues

• Keratin– A tough, insoluble protein substance that makes up hair, nails,

horns, and hooves

• Enzymes

Proteins - Subunits

• Amino acids

– 2 amino acids

• Di-peptide

– 3 amino acids

• Tri-peptide

– Many peptides = Polypeptides

– Many polypeptides = Protein

Basic Amino Acid

Copy this picture to have in your notes.

Examples of Amino Acid. There are 20 different kinds. The R groups make each amino acid unique.

Proteins - Functions

• To build and for structures

• Enzymes are catalysts

• Secondary energy source – 4 Cal/g

EnzymesA Special Kind of Protein

• Example of proteins

• Characteristics

– Reusable

– Specific

– Act as a catalyst

• Speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy

Enzyme as a catalyst

This image shows how an enzyme is used to take a disaccharide and break it down to its monomers.

Please study this picture.

Nucleic Acids - Elements

• Carbon

• Hydrogen

• Oxygen

• Nitrogen

• Phosphorous

Nucleic Acids - Examples

• DNA

• RNA

Nucleic Acids - Subunits

• Nucleotide

– Base

– Sugar

• Deoxyribose (DNA)

• Ribose (RNA)

– Phosphate

Nucleic Acids - Functions

• DNA

– Stores genetic information

• RNA

– Involved in protein synthesis

Using a new page in your composition book, take notes on following characteristics of

water.

Water - Elements

• Hydrogen

• Oxygen

• 2 H : 1 O

Water - Functions

• Major solvent of the cell

Water - Characteristics

• Polar

– Partial charge

• Cohesive

– Sticks to itself

– Water beads

• Adhesive

– Sticks to other things/surfaces