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© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
2nd Edition
Public Fire Prevention Organizations and Functions
Chapter 2
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
2nd Edition
Objectives
• Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to:– Discuss the role of the federal, state and local
governments in the prevention of fires and the reduction in fire deaths and injuries
– Contrast the roles between the three levels of government in the prevention of fires
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
2nd Edition
Objectives (cont’d.)– Name the watershed federal fire programs
and describe the events or national conditions that led to their creation
– List the fire prevention functions performed by traditional fire prevention bureaus and describe nontraditional systems for delivery of those services
– List federal agencies with fire prevention missions and describe their missions and programs
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
2nd Edition
Fire Prevention - Motives Behind the Cause
• World War II: massive fire prevention effort
• Fire threatens: jobs, economy, education, health, and infrastructure
• Organizations: profit and non-profit driven
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
2nd Edition
Organizations with the Mission of Fire Prevention
• Traditional Fire Prevention Bureaus– Functions performed by fire departments
• Nontraditional Fire Prevention Bureaus– Functions performed by other agency/s– Dangerous: single person doing all types of
inspections
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
2nd Edition
State Fire Prevention and Protection Programs
• Fire marshals in 40 states by 1913
• Provided within the 50 state governments:– Code development– Inspection– Engineering services– Fire investigation services
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
2nd Edition
State Fire Training Programs
• Training organizations– Often not associated with fire marshal– Are located within state universities or are
independent agencies
• Training allows to reach full potential of prevention programs
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
2nd Edition
Fire Prevention Efforts of the Federal Government
• For most of our history– Geared towards:
• Protection of government property• Ensuring continuity of government functions
– Public protection an issue for the states
• Bureau of Standards fire research lab, established 1914
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
2nd Edition
Catalysts for Federal Fire Prevention Programs
• Hose coupling problem on Bureau of Standards premises, 1904– Fire research facility established at the
National Institute of Standards and Technology
• President Woodrow Wilson, 1920– First National Fire Prevention Day
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
2nd Edition
Catalysts for Federal Fire Prevention Programs (cont’d.)
• President Warren Harding, 1922– First Fire Prevention Week
• Protection of manufacturing facilities that were preparing for war, 1941– National Bureau for Industrial Protection
established
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
2nd Edition
President Truman’s Fire Prevention Conference
• Washington DC, May of 1947
• 34 new committees on fire prevention– Draft model statute permitting adoption of
model codes
• Conferences by 18 states to build on work begun in Washington
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
2nd Edition
Federal Agencies Involved in Fire Prevention
• Public Law 93-478, 1974– First major federal program to reduce fire
threat to general public
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
2nd Edition
National Commission on Fire Prevention and Control
• Established by the 1968 Fire Research Safety Act
• America Burning report: significant force for fire prevention/protection in U.S. history
• Called for establishment of:– U.S. Fire Administration (USFA)– National Fire Academy (NFA)
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
2nd Edition
United States Fire Administration• Established by the 1974 Federal Fire
Prevention and Control Act
• Basic areas of efforts:– Public education– Fire/emergency response personnel training– Fire safety technology, testing, and research– Collection, analysis, and dissemination of
pertinent data
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
2nd Edition
FIGURE 2-7The focus of the FESHEconferences is highereducation, sharing ideas, andaddressing new challenges.(Source: U.S. Fire Administration)
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
2nd Edition
National Institute of Standards and Technology
• Formerly, National Bureau of Standards
• Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act– Center for Fire Research at NBS
• Today, NIST’s Building and Fire Research Laboratory:– Building materials performance– Fire service technologies– Fire loss reduction
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
2nd Edition
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco Firearms, and Explosives
• Mission: regulation, tax collection, protection of the public
• National Laboratory complex, 2003– Alcohol and Tobacco Laboratory– Forensic Science Laboratory– Fire Research Laboratory
• Assists state and local agencies in investigation of arson and bombings
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
2nd Edition
The National Interagency Fire Center
• Formed in Boise, Idaho, 1965
• Member of the National Wildfire Coordinating Group– 97% - 98% of wildland fires extinguished
during first burning period– Wildfires by recreational campfires 80%
reduced if patrols, user contacts, and signage used
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
2nd Edition
U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission
• Created by Congress in 1972
• Activities:– Develop standards– Conduct research– Inform and educate the public– Recall unsafe products
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
2nd Edition
Department of Housing and Urban Development
• Fire safety impact through its Minimum Property Standards (MPS)– Minimum quality/safety/durability standards
on (federally backed mortgages) properties
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
2nd Edition
Department of Defense
• Fire prevention programs– Protect U.S. military assets– Ensure the ability of the branches to carry out
their missions
• Inspectors often called on to help fix problems, unlike municipal fire inspectors
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
2nd Edition
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
• Established by the 1971 Occupational Safety and Health Act
• Mission: work-place safety
• Standards for:– Fire and explosion hazards– Fire brigade staffing, training, and operation
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
2nd Edition
Other Federal Agencies
• Many agencies– Involved in fire research or extensive fire
prevention programs
• National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
• Department of State
• Veterans Administration
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
2nd Edition
Summary
• Traditionally:– Fire prevention responsibility of the states– Federal involvement limited to protection of
federal government assets, and research
• Watershed events for federal involvement:– World War II– 1947 Fire Prevention Conference– 1973 America Burning report
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