CA IDMS Database Navigation

World®’16

CAIDMS™DatabaseNavigation

JohnSiraco,Director,SoftwareEngineeringCATechnologies

MFX72E

MAINFRAMEANDWORKLOADAUTOMATION

Abstract

TheCAIDMSDatabaseNavigationcoursefocusesonthecharacteristicsofaCAIDMSdatabaseandtheeffectsofprogramminginthatenvironment.Youwilllearnhowtonavigatethroughanetworkdatabaseenvironmentusingdatastructuresandcurrencyratherthancomplexprogrammingsyntax.YouwillalsolearntohowtousenavigationalDMLstatements.

JohnSiraco

CATechnologiesDirector,SoftwareEngineering

Agenda

INTRODUCTIONTOCAIDMS/DB

DATARELATIONSHIPS

CURRENCY

DATASTORAGE

SETSTRUCTURES

DATASTRUCTUREDIAGRAM

Agendacontinued

PREPARINGFORDATABASEACCESS

VERIFYINGDATABASEACCESSRESULTS

RETRIEVINGDATA

UPDATINGDATA

PROTECTINGDATAINTEGRITY

IntroductiontoCAIDMS/DB

CharacteristicsofCAIDMS/DB

§ CAIDMSisusedfor:– Centralizingdata– Controllingthecorporateinformationenvironment– ManagingCommunications– Developingapplications

CentralizingData

ControlsandDocumentstheEnvironment

ManagingCommunications

DevelopingApplications

§ Menuandsyntaxdriventools

§ DataManipulationLanguage(DML)

§ Reportgenerators

§ Fourth-generation(4GL)languagesanddevelopmenttools

§ SQL

BasicCAIDMSTerminology

Schema LogicalDefinition

Subschema LogicalDefinition

DMCL PhysicalDefinition

Complete description ofthe database

Complete or partialdescription of thedatabaseRestrictions

File description of thedatabaseBuffer definitionJournal definition

Source code only Source code and loadmodule

Source code and loadmodule

Not used at run time Used at run time Used at run time

Typically one perdatabase

Unlimited number perdatabase

DataStructureDiagram

DatabaseAccessTechniques

§ SQL

§ Navigational– DataManipulationLanguage– DML

§ Non-navigational– LogicalRecordFacility- LRF

DataRelationships

RecordTypeandRecordOccurrence

§ EmployeeRecord

1234 John Doe 123OakTerraceMadRiverOH123456666516-222-3232 0 012-34-5678

5253 June Moon 18BalliolStCambridgeMA021235555617-222-2121 0 098-76-5432

SQLTerminology

Logical/physicaldesignterminology

SQLterminology

Non-SQLterminology

Entity Table Record-typeEntityOccurrence

Row RecordOccurrence

Data element Column Field element

RelationshipsBetweenRecords

ImplementingRelationshipsBetweenRecords

§ Foreignkeys

§ Sets

ImplementingaOne-To-OneRelationshipWithaForeignKey

ImplementingaOne-To-ManyRelationshipWithaForeignKey

ImplementingaMany-To-ManyRelationshipWithaForeignKey

SetTypeandSetOccurrence

ImplementingaMany-To-ManyRelationshipWithSets

ImplementingaMany-To-ManyNestedRelationshipWithSets

DataStorage

DataStorageOverview

DatabaseAreaAssignment

DatabasePage

DatabaseKeys

LocationModes

UsingaUniqueKeyasCALCKey

UsingNonuniqueKeyasCALCKey

VIALocationMode

RecordsStoredVIAinaDifferentArea

RecordsStoredDIRECTinanArea

RecordsStoredDIRECTRelatedbySet

SetStructures

ChainedSets

IndexedSets

§ System-owned

§ User-owned

System-ownedIndexedSet

User-ownedIndexedSet

ChainedSetPointers

ChainedSetPointers(cont.)

System-ownedIndexedSetPointers

User-ownedIndexedSetPointers

OrderOptions

SetMembershipOptions

ConnectOptions

DisconnectOptions

DataStructureDiagram

RecordComponents

ForeignKeyRepresentation

SetRepresentation

Currency

HowtheDBMSUsesCurrencytoWalkaSet

HowtheDBMSUsesCurrencytoSweepanArea

CategoriesofCurrencyRUN UNIT 1002:3 RECORD

EMPLOYEE 1002:1 DEPARTMENT 4001:4 EXPERTISE 1002:3

DEPT-EMPLOYEE CURRENT 1002:1 NEXT 1000:1 PRIOR 1040:1 OWNER 4001:4

EMP-EXPERTISE CURRENT 1002:3 NEXT 1002:5 PRIOR 1002:1 OWNER 1002:1 . . .

AREA EMP-DEMO-REGION 1002:3 ORG-DEMO-REGION 4001:4

TrackingCurrencyChanges

TrackingCurrencyChanges(cont.)

JOB-EMPOSITION

HowDMLVerbsUseandUpdateCurrency

HowDMLVerbsUseandUpdateCurrency(cont.)

PreparingforDatabaseAccess

DBMSRequirementsforDatabaseAccess

HostLanguageProgramRequirements

§ ConversionofDMLrequests– Inthebatchenvironment

§ COBOL§ PL/I§ Assembler

– Intheonlineenvironment§ COBOL§ PL/I§ Assembler

§ Run-timeexecutionoftheprogram

ConvertingDMLRequests

§ Compiler-directivestatementsidentify:– Theoperatingmode– Thesubschemaandschemanames– Recorddescriptions

§ InputtotheDMLPrecompiler– Hostlanguageprogram– Informationfromthedatadictionary

§ OutputfromtheDMLprecompiler– Errorlisting– Hostlanguageprogram

CompilingaCAIDMSProgram

DMLErrorMessages

§ I(Informational)

§ W(Warning)

§ E(Error)

§ F(Fatal)

§ T(Terminal)

COBOLProgramRequirementsforDatabaseAccess

COBOLProgramRequirementsforDatabaseAccess(cont.)

IdentifyingtheOperatingMode

IdentifyingtheSubschemaandSchema

IncludingRecordDescriptionsAutomatically

IncludingRecordDescriptionsManually

IDMSSubschemaDescriptionsSUBSCHEMA-DESCRIPTION

SUBSCHEMA-CONTROL

SUBSCHEMA-CTRL

SUBSCHEMA-NAMES

SUBSCHEMA-SSNAME

SUBSCHEMA-RECNAME

SUBSCHEMA-SETNAME

SUBSCHEMA-AREANAME

SUBSCHEMA-RECORDS

WhatisaRunUnit?

BindRun-Unit

IdentifyingtheLocationofRecordsinVariableStorage

IdentifyingDatabaseAreasforAccess

AreaUsageModes

EndingaRunUnit

VerifyingDatabaseAccessResults

GeneralCodingConsiderations

IDMSCommunicationsBlock(SUBSCHEMA-CTRL)

§ ProgramVariableStorage§ 01 SUBSCHEMA-CTRL.

– 03 PROGRAM-NAME

– 03 ERROR-STATUS

– 03 DBKEY

– 03 RECORD-NAME

– 03 AREA-NAME

– 03 ERROR-SET

– 03 ERROR-RECORD

– 03 ERROR-AREA

– 03 IDBMSCOM-AREA

– 03 DIRECT-DBKEY

– 03 DATABASE-STATUS

– 03 RECORD-OCCUR

– 03 DML-SEQUENCE

Error-Status

Majorcode

Minorcode

FIND/OBTAIN 03 26 Record not found

FIND/OBTAIN 03 07 End of set, area, or index

READY 09 66 Area not available forrequested usage mode

STORE 12 05 Storage would violateduplicates not allowed (DN)

IDMS-STATUS(BATCH)

StepsRequiredWithandWithoutAUTOSTATUS

§ WithAUTOSTATUS– Use“ON”clauseinDMLstatement– IncludeIDMS-STATUSinprogram

§ WithoutAUTOSTATUS– Use“IF”testafterDMLstatement– PerformIDMS-STATUSaftereachDMLstatement– IncludeIDMS-STATUSinprogram

SampleCOBOLCodeUsingAUTOSTATUS

SampleCOBOLWithoutUsingAUTOSTATUS

RetrievingData

DatabaseRetrieval

§ FIND

§ GET

§ OBTAIN

§ RETURN

DatabaseRetrievalUsingOBTAIN

DatabaseRetrievalUsingRETURN

EnteringtheDatabaseAREA CALC

All Record Types CALC location moderecords

Physical Position Randomizing algorithm

First, last, or Nth ofparticular record type orall records in area

Symbolic key value forrecord occurrence

INDEX DB-KEYRecord types within asystem-owned record

All record types

Symbolic key value forrecord occurrence

Any database recordoccurrence

First, last or Nth record inindex

Direct location mode orpreviously accessed inearlier run unit with DB-keypassed to run unit

RetrievingCALCRecords

§ RetrievalbyCALCkeyinvolves

– Fieldinitialization:MovetheCALC-keyvaluetotheCALC-keyfield

– Currencyused:None– Commonnonzerostatuscodes:0326(DB-REC-

NOT-FOUND)

PerforminganAreaSweep

§ Currencyused:Area

§ Commonnonzerostatuscodes:0307(DB-END-OF-SET)

AreaSweep

RetrievingRecordsinaChainedSet

§ Retrievalofmembersofachainedsetinvolves:

– Currencyused:Currentofset– Currencyupdated:

§ Aftersuccessfulexecution:All§ Onend-of-setcondition:Theownerbecomescurrentofrununit,record,area,andonlythesetbeing

WaystoWalkaSet

EndofSetCondition

IFEMPTYTestMOVEIN-DEPT-IDTODEPT-ID-0410.OBTAINCALCDEPARTMENT

ONDB-REC-NOT-FOUNDPERFORMDEPT-NOT-ON-DBGOTOREADNEXTDEPT.

IFDEPT-EMPLOYEEEMPTYPERFORM900-NO-EMP-MSGELSEPERFORM350-DEPT-EMP-WALKTHRU350-EXITUNTILSET-END-SW=“Y”..350-DEPT-EMP-WALK.

OBTAINNEXTEMPLOYEEWITHINDEPT-EMPLOYEE.ONDB-END-OF-SET

MOVE“Y”TOSET-END-SW.

AccessingMultipleMemberSets§ Youcanaccessoccurrencesofasinglerecord

– Currencyused:Currentofset– Commonnonzerostatuscodes:0307(DB-END-OF-

AccessingMultipleMemberSets§ Youcanaccessoccurrencesofallrecord

AccessingMultipleMemberSets

§ Currencyused:Currentofset

§ Commonnonzerostatuscodes:0307(DB-END-OF-SET)

WalkingMultipleMemberSets

OwnerRetrievalinOtherThanMandatoryAutomaticSets

ReestablishingCurrency

NavigatingSortedSets

PerformingGenericKeySearches

NoncontiguousSortKeys

UsingRETURNtoEstablishIndexSetCurrency

UpdatingData

StoringRecords

ConnectingaRecordtoaSet

DisconnectingaRecordfromaSet

ModifyingDatabaseRecords

ErasingDatabaseRecords-BasicERASE

VariationsoftheERASEStatement

§ ERASEPERMANENT

§ ERASESELECTIVE

§ ERASEALL

QualifiedERASE

UpdatingData

DataIntegrityConcerns

CentralVersionandLocalMode

AreaLocks

PotentialforConcurrentUpdate

RecordLocks

ImplicitRecordLocks

AdditionalImplicitExclusiveLocks

ExplicitRecordLocks

RecoveryFromProgramorSystemFailure

Journals

MainframeandWorkloadAutomation

FormoreinformationonMainframeandWorkloadAutomation,pleasevisit:http://cainc.to/9GQ2JI

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