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BioFuels & BioDiesels
Biodiesels is the main story and cultivation of oilseeds is the main challenge
Biofuels: Two Types
• Ethanol and Biodiesel. • Both are used as blends with petroleum diesel • Ethanol is alcohol fuel derived from sugarcane, wheat,
corn and biomass, • Biodiesel is made from natural oils such as animal fats or
vegetable oils.Why use bio fuels? 1. The use of bio fuels leads to lower GHG emissions. 2. Bio fuels are renewable
What are the considerations in the choice between ethanol and bio-diesel?
1. Compatibility? 100% Biodiesel can work in any diesel generated engines.
2. Costs? Biodiesels are more expensive
3. What is the energy needed to produce? Biodiesels relatively produce more energy than ethanol
Ethanol: Two generations
• First generation : derived from starch or sugar
• Second generation: derived from non food crops, biomass, wood, wood chips, stems, stalks, grass …
– Also known as cellulosic ethanol– Involves breaking down cellulose in woody fibers to derive ethanol
• Second generation is an improvement:– It does not compete with food production
The possibility of converting waste to energy lies at the heart of the second generation
What is bio diesel?
• Biodiesel is derived from vegetable and animal oil/fats:– Alcohol is added and glycerine is removed (the process is called
transesterification)
• Sources of bio-diesel:• Palm seed, soybean, peanut oil, jethropha seed, castor, rapeseed oil
• Different sources are used in different countries
• Advantages of biodiesel– Lower pollutant emission
– Net Carbon dioixide emission reductions
Straight Vegetable Oil (SVO)
• SVO is obtained from crushing oil bearing seeds– It is like pure vegetable oil, just like what you use to cook with.
– Biodiesel is derived from SVO
• SVO cannot run in diesel engines without modification– Biodiesel can
The distinction is important as in India
SVO can help run diesel pumpsets and DG sets
Mahindra has been working on a tractor engine which uses SVO
This means that in India local communities can both generate and use SVO.
Oilseeds in India
NeemKaranj (Pongamia)
Jatropha Mahua (Madhuca)
Castor
Biodiesel source: considerations
• Competiting use – Food/non food?
• Yield:– Agricultural yield? – Conversion ratio?
• Land & Climate– Can it grow on arid/semi arid land? – What is the water requirement (irrigation/rainfall) year
• Time – How long does it take to deliver oilseeds?
Standalone Bio Fuels CompaniesNaturol Labland Biotechs Nandan Biomatrix*
Location Hyderabad/Kakinada Mysore Hyderabad
Products/Business Bio diesel (30 million gallons per annum) and glycerine
Jatropha seedlings/R&D in the Jathropha
Jatropha seedlings/R&D in the Jathropha
Feedstock Palm Oil/Soya Oil/Jatropha
Jatropha Jatropha
Plantation initiatives Yes: thru framer organizations
No Yes – thru framer partnerships. Own cultivation planned
Funding USD 32 million – VC investments and debt
None In the process
* A New Ventures Portfolio company
Standalone Bio Fuels Companies
CleanStar* Renulakshmi Agro Industries
Vayugrid*
Location Pune Coimbatore Karnataka
Products/Business Services to framers to help in biofuel cultivation
Oilsseeds/SVO SVO
Feedstock Jatropha/Pongamia
Jatropha/Pongamia Castor/Pongamia
Plantation initiatives None Not yet Yes – thru framer partnerships
Funding In the process Unknown In the process
* A New Ventures Portfolio company
Larger companies diversifying into Biofuel
Praj Industries Williamson Magor
Location Pune Kolkata
Original Business Brewery and alcoohol manufacturing Plants
BioFuel Initiatitives Plants for manufacturing biofuels
JV with D1 Oils and cultivation of jatropha in NE states, Orissa and Jharkhand
Other companies reportedly exploring this space:
Ruchi Soya, Shiva Distillers, Dharani Sugars and Chemicals Limited ,
Global Companies in Indian Biofuels
• Mission Biofuels– Australian company
– Headquartered in Mumbai
– Main business: Jatrpha cultivation/wind mill operation
– Refinery coming up in Orissa
• D1 Oils – London based company
– R&D in Coimbatore
– Expanding thru JVs
• Williamson Magor: Eastern India
• Mohan Breweries: Southern India
Indian Oil Companies: Biodiesel forays
IOC BPCL HPCL
Biodiesel from Jatropha Jatropha Jatropha
Cultivation in MP UP Chattisgarh
Refinery in Orissa UP Chattisgarh
Status Announced in 2007
Subsidiary in renewable energy formed. Announced in 2008. JV formed with Nandan and Shapoorji
CREDA-HPCL JV formed in 2008 with Chattisgarh
NGOs in BioDiesel in India
• GOGVIP– established by Mr. Gulabrao Kale, in August, 1998.
– Operates in Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra.
– Promoting the cultivation of jatropha among farmers
• SUTRA– Brainchild of Dr.Udipi Shrinivasa (IISC Bangalore)
– Operates in villages of Karnataka
– Promoting pongamia among farmers
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