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© 2016, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.
Dr. Tim Wagner, General Manager, AWS Lambda and Amazon API Gateway
December 1, 2016
Serverless Computing Mini Con
State of the Union
Agenda
What is
serverless?
Build and run applications
without thinking about servers
Let’s take a look at the evolution of computing
Physical servers
in datacenters
Virtual servers
in datacenters
Virtual servers
in the cloud
Each progressive step was better
Physical Servers
Datacenters
Virtual Servers
Datacenters
• Higher utilization
• Faster provisioning speed
• Improved uptime
• Disaster recovery
• Hardware independence
• Trade CAPEX for OPEX
• More scale
• Elastic resources
• Faster speed and agility
• Reduced maintenance
• Better availability and fault
tolerance
Virtual servers
in the cloud
But there are still limitations
Physical Servers
Datacenters
Virtual Servers
Datacenters
• Trade CAPEX for OPEX
• More scale
• Elastic resources
• Faster speed and agility
• Reduced maintenance
• Better availability and fault
tolerance
• Still need to administer
virtual servers
• Still need to manage
capacity and utilization
• Still need to size
workloads
• Still need to manage
availability, fault tolerance
• Still expensive to run
intermittent jobs
Virtual servers
in the cloud
Evolving
to serverlessSERVERLESS
Virtual servers
in the cloud
Physical servers
in datacenters
Virtual servers
in datacenters
No server is easier to manage than no server
All of these responsibilities
go away
Provisioning and utilization
Availability and fault tolerance
Scaling
Operations and management
EVENT DRIVEN CONTINUOUS SCALING PAY BY USAGE
Deliver on demand, never pay for idle
Building blocks for serverless applications
AWS Lambda Amazon DynamoDB
Amazon SNS
Amazon API GatewayAmazon SQS
Amazon Kinesis
Amazon S3
Orchestration and State Management
API Proxy Messaging and Queues Analytics
Monitoring and Debugging
Compute Storage Database
AWS X-RayAWS Step Functions
Serverless changes how you deliver
Speeds up
time to market
Dedicated time
to innovation
Increases developer
productivity
Eliminates operational
complexity
Serverless today
Chatbots
• Powering
chatbot logic
Amazon
Alexa
• Powering
voice-enabled
apps
• Alexa Skills Kit
Common use cases
Web
applications
• Static
websites
• Dynamic
web apps
• Packages for
Flask and
Express
Data
processing
• Real time
• MapReduce
• Batch
Back ends
• Apps &
services
• Mobile
• IoT
</></>
Customers innovating with serverless
Enterprises are achieving massive scale with Lambda
• Thomson Reuters processes 4,000 requests per second
• FINRA processes half a trillion validations of stock trades daily
• Hearst reduced the time to ingest and process data for its
analytics pipeline by 97%
• Vevo can handle spikes of 80x normal traffic
• Expedia triggers 1.2 billion Lambda requests each month
Content services
• Re-architected the platform from the ground up
• Uses microservices architecture
• Can handle spikes of up to 80x normal traffic
Serverless powers Vevo’s critical applications
Data services
• Built its data platform starting from zero
• Serverless architecture: AWS Lambda, Amazon Kinesis, Amazon Redshift, Amazon DynamoDB, Amazon S3, etc.
• New platform went into production in <12 months
Serverless powers Vevo’s critical applications
FINRA
© 2016, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.
Tim Griesbach - Senior Director, FINRA
December 1, 2016
SVR311
How We Perform ½ Trillion Validations Daily
Serverless Computing at FINRA
3
4
It’s more than just ½ Trillion validations…
Volume Varies
Daily & Hourly
• Driven by world events in financial, government, etc.
• Hourly volume varies; max of 75B elements per hour
• Daily volume can vary 2-3x due to market events
Validation
rules expand
over time
• Data must meet a defined specification
• SEC/FINRA adding/reviewing rules regularly
• >200 rules today; >100+ derivations
SLA
Expectations
Don’t Change
• Timely feedback so data can be corrected to meet SLA
• Invalid or late data = $$ fines
5
Traditional on premise solution
• Static Hadoop Cluster, processing files in batches
• Required to be available 24/5
• Map-only job scheduled every 10 minutes
On premise data center
NAS
DB
FTPIncoming
Files
6
Challenges with our on premise solution
• Not easily scalable = sized for peak demand
• Idle 50% of time
• Higher costs
• Required ongoing costly server/software maintenance
• Originally designed for batch processing
7
Goals for our new solution
• Support volume spikes on-demand
• Get out of infrastructure management
• Don’t pay for peak all the time, pay for what we use
• Can we improve the time of availability of data
8
Selecting Technology
Technologies Considered
• AWS Lambda
• Apache Ignite / EC2
• Spark / EMR
Evaluation Process
• Define criteria
• Create POC to validate
Selection Criteria
• Scalability
• Security
• Data Partitioning
• Monitoring
• Performance
• Cost
• Maintenance
9
Our Serverless Cloud Solution
10
Lambda centered AWS Solution
• Validator implemented using
Lambda
• Queues provide input/output
notification from system
• Controller manages data
feeds into Lambda and
notifications out of Lambda
• Data on S3 in Herd
On premise data center
NASFTP
Incoming
Files
Validation
Lambda Account
Controller
Consumer
…
11
Our Results – Faster, Cheaper, More Scalable
• Reduced cost, only pay for what we use• Reduce by over 50%
• Processing times have been reduced• Goal is regardless of volume, any file avail in <1m
• Errors handled on a finer grained basis
• Horizontal scaling improved
• We have seen volume spikes >3x with no impact
• Less infrastructure to manage
12
FINRA’s Future Plans
• Eliminate the EC2 based controller
• Considering for other ETL processing within FINRA
• Rethink how we can use Lambda for other applications
• Continue push to provide near real-time throughput
17
Thank you!
Serverless is a core component of modern apps
AWS: The Complete Serverless Platform
Capabilities of a
serverless platform
Cloud logic layer
NEW
Cloud logic layer
C#
C# language support
• Powered by .NET Core 1.0 release
• Supports functions packaged as DLLs
• Built in support for NuGet packages
• Author and deploy C# functions using Visual
Studio to AWS Lambda
NEW
Cloud logic layer
Amazon API Gateway
binary encoding• Serve images, audio, video or other binary
data through APIs
• Encode to Base64 or decode to binary
• Automatic encoding to Base64 for AWS
Lambda functions
NEW
Cloud logic layer
Amazon API Gateway
documentation generation• Document your APIs for better developer
experience
• Support for documentation per Swagger
specifications
• Support for separate workflows – tech writer vs API
developer
NEW
Cloud logic layer
Amazon Lex
• Chatbots for Facebook and AWS Mobile Hub
• Powered by the same technology as Alexa
• Efficient and intuitive tools to build
conversations
• Scales automatically
• Connects to enterprise systems
• Slack and Twilio integration coming soon
Responsive data sources
Lambda event sources – AWS services
Amazon API Gateway
Amazon S3
Amazon DynamoDB
Amazon Aurora
Amazon Simple Notification Service
Amazon Simple Email Service
Amazon Cognito
Amazon CloudWatch
Amazon Kinesis Streams
AWS CodeCommit
AWS CloudFormation
AWS Config
Amazon Lex
Integrations library
NEW
Integrations library
Amazon API Gateway listings in
the AWS Marketplace
Reliability and performance
NEW
Reliability and performance
Dead Letter Queues
• Automatically capture events after
exhausting retries
• Build even more reliable event processing
applications
• Target Amazon SQS queues or Amazon
SNS topics
Application modeling framework
Monolithic
application
Microservices
But what happens
when you have an
entire app made up
of many functions?
Composing serverless applications
Meet SAM
AWS Serverless Application Model (SAM)
Standard model for
representing serverless
applications on AWS
Functions, APIs, event
sources, and data stores
Simplifies deployment and
management for serverless
applications
AWS Serverless Application Model (SAM)
• Natively supported by AWS
CloudFormation
• Export any function as a SAM
template
• Package and deploy SAM
templates using AWS CLI
• Open spec under Apache 2.0
for community extensions
Developer ecosystem — AWS
</>
AWS CodePipeline + SAM
GitHub
Amazon S3
AWS CodeCommit
AWS CodeBuild AWS CodeBuild
third-party tools
AWS CloudFormation
Commit Build TestDeploy
to Prod
Developer ecosystem — AWS
How do you debug distributed applications
made of multiple functions or services?
How do you gain insights into how your
functions are performing or behaving?
Introducing AWS X-Ray (in preview)
• Analyze and debug distributed
apps in production
• Visualize service call graph of
your app
• Identify performance
bottlenecks and errors
• Pinpoint service-specific issues
• Identify impact of issues on
users of the app
• Lambda support coming soon
Developer ecosystem
Write
code
Deploy to
customer
Build
and test
Receive
feedback
Developer ecosystem — commercial
MonitoringDeploymentIntegrationsCode libraries APN skills
Developer ecosystem — open source
Chalice
Framework
Orchestration and state management
1. A concept used by
CompSci profs for
torturing undergrads,
full of arcane math
2. A practical way to build
and manage modern
serverless apps
“State machine” (noun)
“I want to sequence functions”
“I want to call functions based on data”
“I want more control over retries”
“I want try/catch/finally”
“I have a workflow that runs for hours”
“I want to run functions in parallel”
Orchestration and state management
Introducing AWS Step Functions
Run cloud state machines
Coordinate components of multi-
step apps
Visualize application as a series of
steps
Handles thousands of workflows
and millions of simultaneous steps
Lambda everywhere
We’ve expanded our
coverage to most
major regions in the
AWS global
infrastructure
Introducing Lambda@Edge (in preview)
Lambda is now available in
all Amazon CloudFront
edge locations
• Low-latency
request/response
customization
• Supporters viewer and
origin events
Introducing AWS Greengrass (in preview)
• Extends AWS processing on devices
• Low latency, near-real time
Serverless is a
fundamental
component of
modern
applications
Conclusion
Lambda is a fundamental
component of modern
application architectures
It has a place in everything
from data processing to
simple web apps
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