5-1 ush

A Growing NationA Growing NationCh.5 Sec.1Ch.5 Sec.1

Revolution in Transportation

•National Road

1st major US highway

Paid for by Congress

Went from MD to IL

Private companies created roads off of it called turnpikes that could be used for a fee

Revolution in Transportation•Steamboats

Were quickest and easiest way to travel or transport goods

Invented by Robert Fulton

More than 700 in commission by 1850

•Railroads

Nicknamed "iron horse"

Invented by Peter Cooper

Had the largest impact on settling the west & improving trade

Industrialization in the North•Industrial Revolution

Revolution in business and industry

Began in Great Britain, spread to US soon after

Manufacturing shifted from:

•hand tools to machines,

•individual artisans to large workforces,

•home workshops to factories

Free enterprise allowed businesses to grow quickly, causing rapid industrialization

• Led to a rise in immigration due to demand for workers

Industrialization in the North•Interchangeable Parts

Became possible because of Industrial Revolution

Invented by Eli Whitney

Created standard, identical parts for machines & devices (guns, locks, engines, etc.)

Other Societal Changes

•Morse Code

Invented by Samuel F.B. Morse

Code that could be used to transmit messages through new telegraph wires

•Nativism

Preference for native-born people & desire to limit immigration

Reactionary movement from rise in immigration

Formed a popular political party called the " Know-Nothings"

Other Societal Changes•Labor Unions

Began to form due to poor conditions & treatment in factories

Workers would join together to make demands to their employers

•Strikes

Main tool used by employers to ignore labor union requests

Changes in Agriculture•Cotton Gin

Until 1800s, US farms grew grains, livestock, cash crops (little cotton)

Machine invented by Eli Whitney

Removed cotton seeds speedily

6,000 bales in 1792 to 100,000 bales in 1801 to 4 million in 1860

•Yeoman Farmers

Made up majority of farmers in South

Referred to farmers with small plots of land

Slavery in the US

•Task System

Early system of labor for slaves

Slaves tasks to complete each day, then had rest of day to themselves

•Gang System

Slaves organized into groups to work from sunup to sundown

Slavery in the US

•Coping with Enslavement

Music became popular way to cope, pass encouragement, & record their history

Slaves protested silently by breaking tools, slowing work, burning fields

Revolts became more common (Nat Turner Rebellion)

Slavery in the US

•Free African Americans

More than 225,000 African Americans lived free in the North

More freedoms available, but racism still prevalent

Many joined causes to speak out against slavery in the South