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LTE Overview
Topics What is LTE?
Why LTE is needed?
Reference Architecture
E-UTRAN Architecture
EPC Components, Functions and Interfaces MME
SGW
PDN-GW
Support Information Acronyms
Standards References
LTE, EPS, E-UTRAN and EPC
3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution), an evolution of GSM/UMTS, specifies the next generation 3GPP mobile broadband network
The mobile broadband network is called Evolved Packet System (EPS)
The EPS consists of Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN) and Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
For 3GPP high level requirements on UTRA-UTRAN Long Term Evolution (LTE) and 3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE), read http://www.3gpp.org/Highlights/LTE/lte.htm
Phase 4 Chalk talks, EPC FDD links: http://mobility.ih.lucent.com/~jlic/lte.htm
EPC FDD 7090: http://mobility.ih.lucent.com/~slaha/LTE/
MME sites: https://sps.ndc.lucent.com/sites/wireless.mme/default.aspx - App Arch
https://sps.ndc.lucent.com/sites/wireless.mme_sae/default.aspx - SAE
Mobile Evolution and 3GPP Releases
IP/EthernetRAN
Transport TDM
CDMACDMA
Voice, SMS Web Browsing Media Streaming VoIPReal-TimeMultimedia
ServicesServices
IP is the foundation for new multimedia services and multiservice transport
Higher access bandwidth, new spectrum available
New subscriber apps
Lower cost per Mbit transport
Shift towards All-IP and flat/mesh topologies
Higher access bandwidth, new spectrum available
New subscriber apps
Lower cost per Mbit transport
Shift towards All-IP and flat/mesh topologies
ATM, FR, HDLCW-CDMA
QPSK
W-CDMA16QAM/QPSK
W-CDMA16QAMW-CDMA
64QAM/MIMO
OFDM/SC-FDMA64QAM/MIMO
Radio Technology
What Does LTE Mean to End Users & Service Providers?Performance Improvement
Impact to End User Impact to Service Provider
INCREASED SPECTRAL EFFICIENCY
Uplink: 2.00-2.25x vs. 3GDownlink: 1.25x vs. 3G
Lower costs – flat fee pricing
Can buy the same amount of spectrum and pump more data to users, or less spectrum to maintain the same level of data usage
Reduced cost per bit
FASTER SPEEDSUplink: 2.00-2.25x vs. 3G
Downlink: 3x vs. 3GPeak rate = 100 Mbps
Faster downloads of multi-media
Better experience with blended services
More ways to splice bandwidth: Same # of users with more bandwidth/user or more users with same bandwidth per user
INCREASED VOICE CAPACITY
10 MHz: 2x vs. 3G
Better voice quality Support more voice users
REDUCED LATENCY< 50 ms
Faster reactions when gaming
Better voice, video telephony
Can reuse applications across wireless and wireline
More capacity for VoIP and TCP-based applications
Comparisons based on average aggregate performance
3GPP Requirements For LTE Spectrum efficiency
DL : 3-4 times HSDPA for MIMO(2,2) UL : 2-3 times E-DCH for MIMO(1,2)
Frequency Spectrum : Scalable bandwidth : 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20MHz To cover all frequencies of IMT-2000: 450 MHz to 2.6 GHz
Peak data rate (scaling linearly with the spectrum allocation) DL : > 100Mb/s for 20MHz spectrum allocation UL : > 50Mb/s for 20MHz spectrum allocation
Capacity 200 users for 5MHz, 400 users in larger spectrum allocations (active state)
Latency C-plane : < 100ms to establish U-plane U-plane : < 10ms from UE to server
Coverage Performance targets up to 5km, slight degradation up to 30km
Mobility LTE is optimized for low speeds 0-15km/h but connection maintained for speeds up to 350 or 500km/h Handover between 3G & 3G LTE
Real-time < 300ms Non-real-time < 500ms
LTE Key Technologies
OFDMA (DL) / SC-FDMA (UL) : Robust modulation in dense environments Increased spectral efficiency
Simplified Rx design cheaper UE
Scalable - go beyond 5 MHz limitation
MIMO: Increased link capacity Multiple-input, multiple-output UL& DL
Collaborative MIMO (UL)
Overcome multi-path interference
IP Core: flat, scalable Short TTI: 1 ms (2 ms for HSPA)
Backhaul based on IP / MPLS transport
Fits with IMS, VoIP, SIPHigh availability
IP Backbone
S/P GW
eNode B
MediaGateways
CallServers
MME
LTE End to End Architecture
Network simplification User Plane : 3 functional entities : eNode B, Serving Gateway and PDN
Gateway (the gateways can be combined into a single physical entity)
GGSN S/P-GW
Control plane : SGSN MME (Mobility Management Entity)
RNC eNode B
eNode B
LTE S/P GW
IP transportbackbone
Multi-standard User Database
Applicationservers
Service IP backbone
MDS
S1
X2
eNode B
GGSN
SGSN
RNC
NodeB
C-plane U-plane
eNode B
EPC - Network Simplification
C-plane U-plane
S-GW
P-GW
MME
E-UTRAN EPC
MME
9 | Technical Sales Forum | May 2008
LTE Transforms Wireless Access and Core Networks to All-IP
Circuit Switched Core (Voice)
Packet Switched Core
SMSVoice
Internet
VPN
3GUMTS
IP ChannelEnhanced
Packet Core (IP)
Internet
VPN
IP Video
SMS/MMSVoice
VideoTelephony
VoIP / IMS
4GLTE
WIMAX
Separate CS / PS Core Networks Separate Voice / IP Air Channels
Common Packet (IP) Air Channel
End-to-End IP Service Delivery
VoiceChannels
Circuit Switched Core (Voice)
Packet Switched Core
SMSVoice
Internet
VPN
2G GSMEDGE3G
UMTS
Common Evolved (IP) Packet Core
9 |
LTE Network Architecture (Non Roaming Case)
SGi
S4
S3 S1-MME
PCRF S7
S6a
HSS
Operator ’ s IP Services (e.g. IMS, PSS etc.)
Rx+ S10
UE
GERAN
UTRAN SGSN
“ LTE - Uu ” EUTRAN
MME
S11
S5 Serving Gateway
PDN Gateway
S1-U
LTE Network Architecture (Roaming Case Home Routed Traffic)
S6a
HSS
S8
S3
S1 - MME
S10
UTRAN
GERAN
SGSN
MME
S11
Serving Gateway UE
“ LTE
- Uu ”
E - UTRAN
S12
HPLMN
VPLMN
PCRF
Gx Rx
SGi Operator’s IP
Services (e.g. IMS, PSS etc.)
PDN Gateway
S 1 - U
S4
DO-LTE Reference Architecture – Another look
Source: TSG-X.P0057 All interfaces are IP-based
HRPDeRNC
LegacyPDSN
HSGW*
H-PDNGW
eBTS
MIPv4 (MIPv6)
A10/A11 A10/A11+
MS Simple IP over HRPD and LTE +
MIPv4 (MIPv6) over HRPD
HPLMN
VPLMN
V-PCRF
S9
Ty
V-PDNGW
Gxa
eNodeB
MME
ServingGW
S8a/b (GTP or PMIPv6)
S1u (GTP)
S11
S5b(PMIPv6)
Gxc
Enhanced 835 &TS 23.401/402 Standards
S101
S103
Gx (S7)
S2a(PMIPv6)
Gx
DO-LTE Reference Architecture
HomeAgentH-PCRF
* Note: This network element was also known as ePDSN
S2a
LTE Standard Reference Points (1 of 2)
S1-MME: Reference point for the control plane protocol between E-UTRAN and MME.S1-U: Reference point between E-UTRAN and Serving GW for the per bearer user plane tunnelling and inter eNodeB path switching during handover.S2a: It provides the user plane with related control and mobility support between trusted non 3GPP IP access and the Gateway.S3: It enables user and bearer information exchange for inter 3GPP access network mobility in idle and/or active state. It is based on Gn reference point as defined between SGSNs.S4: It provides related control and mobility support between GPRS Core and the 3GPP Anchor function of Serving GW and is based on Gn reference point as defined between SGSN and GGSN. In addition, if Direct Tunnel is not established, it provides the user plane tunnelling.S5-PMIP: It provides user plane tunneling and tunnel management between Serving GW and PDN GW. It is used for Serving GW relocation due to UE mobility and in case the Serving GW needs to connect to a non collocated PDN GW for the required PDN connectivity.S6a: This interface is defined between MME and HSS for authentication and authorization. S6c: It is the reference point between PDN Gateway and 3GPP AAA server/proxy for mobility related authentication if needed. This reference point may also be used to retrieve and request storage of mobility parameters. This reference point may also be used to retrieve static QoS profile for a UE for non-3GPP access in case dynamic PCC is not supported.
LTE Standard Reference Points (2 of 2)
S7: It provides transfer of (QoS) policy and charging rules from PCRF to Policy and Charging Enforcement Point (PCEF) ) in the PDN GW.S7a: It provides transfer of (QoS) policy information from PCRF to the Trusted Non-3GPP accesses.S7b: This interface is not specified within this release of the specification.S7c: It provides transfer of (QoS) policy information from PCRF to the Serving GatewayS8: It is the roaming interface in case of roaming with home routed traffic. It provides the user plane with related control between Gateways in the VPLMN and HPLMN.S9: It provides transfer of (QoS) policy and charging control information between the Home PCRF and the Visited PCRF in order to support local breakout function. In all other roaming scenarios, S9 has functionality to provide dynamic QoS control policies from the HPLMN.S10: This interface is reference point between MMEs for MME relocation and MME to MME information transfer.S11: This interface is reference point between MME and Serving GW.S103-U: This interface is the bearer interface between the EPC Serving Gateway and the HSGW,S101: This interface is the signaling interface between the EPC MME and the evolved HRPD Access Network (eAN/PCF). X2: This interface is for eNodeB to eNodeB handoff.
Evolved UTRAN Architecture
eNB
eNB
eNB
MME/SGW MME/SGW
X2
Key elements of network architecture No more RNC RNC layers/functionalities moved to eNB X2 interface for intra-eNB mobility (i.e. data/context forwarding)
eNB Functions RRM Header compression & encryption of data streams UL/DL resource allocation Paging BCCH info over the air MME selection during call Mobility control in LTE_Active state
EPC
E-UT
RA
N
S1
S1
S1S1
S1S1
X2
X2
Many-to-Many Relation between MME/SGW & eNBs
Benefits Network sharing Load balancing Network robustness
eNB
eNB
eNB
X2
EPC
E-UT
RA
N
MME/SGW MME/SGW
X2
S1
S1
S1S1
S1S1
X2
X2
S1 Architecture
Key points S1 consists of S1-MME (control traffic) and S1-U (User Traffic) Flex Architecture for both interfaces S1-U and S1-MME
eNB
eNB
eNB
eNB
MME/SAEGW
MME/SAEGW
MME/SAEGW
MME/SAEGW
Overlapping regionPool A Pool B
S1
2 entities for control plane: eNB & MME (S1-MME interface)
eNB: UMTS NodeB plus UMTS RNC (RRC, Radio Bearer Management…)
MME: UMTS MM and SM functions
2 entities for user plane: eNB & SGW (S1-U interface)
eNB: UMTS NodeB plus UMTS RNC (PDCP/RLC/MAC…)
SGW: (Serving Gateway) UMTS packet core user plane
eNB, MME and SGW Pools
•eNB1
MME
•eNB2 •eNB3 •eNB4 •eNB5 •eNB6 •eNB7 •eNB8 •eNB9
MMEMME
MME
•MME Pool A
•MME Pool B
•Pool Area X
•Pool Area Y
SGWSGW
•SGW Pool 2
MMEMMEMME
SGWSGW
SGW
•SGW Pool 1
Functional Mapping (from TR 25.813)
LTE functions in eNode-B
Selection of MME at UE attachment
Routing towards SGW at UE initial access
NAS messaging encapsulated by RRC for tx over radio
Scheduling and transmission of paging messages
Scheduling and transmission of System Information
Dynamic allocation of resources to UEs in both UL and DL
Configuration and provision of eNB measurements
Radio Bearer Control
Radio Admission Control
Access restrictions in Active state
Connection Mobility Control in LTE_ACTIVE state
Active mode Handover handling
RRC, header compression, encryption, RLC, MAC, PHY
Security of User plane and RRC
Encryption of both in PDCP, integrity check of RRC
Scheduling and associated QoS handling
in t e r n e t
e N B
R B C o n t r o l
C o n n e c t io n M o b il it y C o n t.
e N B M e a s u r e m e n tC o n f ig u r a t io n & P r o v is io n
D y n a m ic R e s o u r c e A llo c a t io n (S c h e d u le r)
P D C P
P H Y
M M E
S e r v in g G a t e w a y
S1M A C
I n t e r C e ll R R M
R a d io A d m is s io n C o n t r o l
R L C
E-U T R A N E P C
R R C
M o b ilit y A n c h o r in g
S A E B e a r e r C o n t r o l
I d le S t a t e M o b il it y H a n d l in g
N A S S e c u r it y
MME FunctionsNAS signalling
NAS signalling security
S101 – Interface between MME and eRNC for inter-RAT handoffsInter CN node signalling for mobility between 3GPP access networks (terminating S3)
UE Reachability in ECM-IDLE state (including control and execution of paging retransmission)
Tracking Area list management
PDN GW and Serving GW selection
MME selection for handovers with MME change
SGSN selection for handovers to 2G or 3G 3GPP access networks
Roaming (S6a towards home HSS)
Authentication
Bearer management functions including dedicated bearer establishment.
Lawful Interception of signalling traffic.
SGW Functions
For each UE associated with the EPS, at a given point of time, there is a single Serving GW.The functions of the Serving GW, for both the GTP-based and the PMIP-based S5/S8, include: the local Mobility Anchor point for inter-eNodeB handover; assist the eNodeB reordering function during inter-eNodeB handover by sending one
or more "end marker" packets to the source eNodeB immediately after switching the path.
Mobility anchoring for inter-3GPP mobility (terminating S4 and relaying the traffic between 2G/3G system and PDN GW);
ECM-IDLE mode downlink packet buffering and initiation of network triggered service request procedure;
Lawful Interception; Packet routeing and forwarding; Transport level packet marking in the uplink and the downlink, e.g. setting the
DiffServ Code Point, based on the QCI of the associated EPS bearer; Accounting on user and QCI granularity for inter-operator charging; UL and DL charging per UE, PDN, and QCI
(e.g. for roaming with home routed traffic)
PDN GW Functions
If a UE is accessing multiple PDNs, there may be more than one PDN GW for that UE, however a mix of S5/S8 connectivity and Gn/Gp connectivity is not supported for that UE simultaneously.
PDN GW functions include for both the GTP-based and the PMIP-based S5/S8: Per-user based packet filtering (by e.g. deep packet inspection); Lawful Interception; UE IP address allocation; Transport level packet marking in the uplink and downlink, e.g. setting the DiffServ Code Point,
based on the QCI of the associated EPS bearer; UL and DL service level charging as defined in TS 23.203 [6]
(e.g. based on SDFs defined by the PCRF, or based on deep packet inspection defined by local policy);
UL and DL service level gating control as defined in TS 23.203 [6]; UL and DL service level rate enforcement as defined in TS 23.203 [6]
(e.g. by rate policing/shaping per SDF); UL and DL rate enforcement based on APN-AMBR
(e.g. by rate policing/shaping per aggregate of traffic of all SDFs of the same APN that are associated with Non-GBR QCIs);
DL rate enforcement based on the accumulated MBRs of the aggregate of SDFs with the same GBR QCI(e.g. by rate policing/shaping);
DHCPv4 (server and client) and DHCPv6 (client, relay and server) functions;
UE PDN-GW User Plane Protocol Stack for PMIP based S5/S8
25 | Technical Sales Forum | May 2008
Mobility Management Entity Interfaces
SCTP
L2
L1
IP
L2
L1
IP
SCTP
S1-MME eNodeB MME
S1-AP S1-AP
NAS
MAC
L1
RLC
PDCP
UE
RRC
MAC
L1
RLC
PDCP
RRC
LTE-Uu
NAS Relay
S1-AP is the application protocol between eNodeB and MME
SCTP is used to guarantee delivery of signaling messages
Non-Access Stratum Protocol between UE and MME supports UE mobility and session management
S11 interface between MME and SGW uses GTP-C for bearer set up
SGW & PDN-GW Interfaces
S5 interface uses GTP-C for bearer set up between SGW and PDN-GW
Control plane protocol stack for PMIP based S5/S8 messages
HSGW Functions
Terminates S103 from SGW
PMIP Mobility Access Gateway (inter LTE-HRPD HO)
Bearer binding/flow mapping
Simple IP A10/A11+
ROHC
Need to show HSGW to PDN-GW protocol stack
Future Tutorial Topics
S1-AP
Mobility management
Session Management
Paging Techniques
LTE-LTE Handoff
LTE-eHRPD Handoff
Authentication – AKA Procedure
Support Information
Glossary
AAA – Authentication, Authorization, & AccountingAM – Access ManagerAN – Access NodeAS – Application ServerASN-GW – Access Service Network GateWayAT – Access TerminalATCA – Advanced Telecommunications Computing ArchitectureBTS – Base Transceiver StationCMIP – Client MIPDO – CDMA Data OnlyENodeB – LTE Base Station (or Cell)EVDO – Evolution Data Only (CDMA) – see also HRPD4G – Fourth GenerationGPRS – General Packet Radio ServiceGTP – GPRS Tunneling ProtocolIPSec – IP Security tunnel protocolHA – Home AgentHRPD – High Rate Packet DataHSPD – High Speed Packet Data
HSS – Home Subscriber SystemIMS – IP Multi-media SubsystemsLCP – Lucent Control PlatformLMA – Local Mobility AnchorLTE – Long Term EvolutionMAG – Mobility Access GatewayMIP – Mobile Internet ProtocolMME – Mobility Management EntityPCRF – Policy Charging Rules FunctionPDN GW– Packet Data Network GateWay (H=Home or V=Visited)PDSN – Packet Data Serving NodePMIP – Proxy MIPPPP – Point to Point ProtocolROHC – RObust Header CompressionSDM – Subscriber DB ManagerSGW- Signaling GateWaySRNC – Serving Radio Network ControllerTAS – Telephony Application ServerUMB – Ultra Mobile BroadbandWiMAX – Worldwide Interoperability of Microwave Access
LTE Milestone in 3GPP Standard Evolution
3GPP Release
Rel’99 Rel’4 Rel’5 Rel’6 Rel’7 Rel’8
UMTS FDD
DCH up to 2Mbps
Core Netw. Evolution
FDD repeaters
1.28Mcps TDD
HSDPA
Multimedia sub-system
HSUPA
MBMS
HSPA+i.e. MIMO, CPC, DL 64-QAM, UL 16-QAM
LTE
Specification completion
RAN#36 (Mar. 07)
RAN#37 (Sep. 07)
RAN#38 (Dec. 07)
RAN#39 (Mar. 08)
RAN#40 (Jun. 08)
RAN#41 (Sep. 08)
RAN1 65% 80% 95% CRs CRs CRs
RAN2 20% 60–80% (no ASN.1) 80-95% CRs CRs CRs
RAN3 20% 60-80% (no ASN.1) 80-95% CRs CRs CRs
RAN4 40% 50-80% 70-95% CRs CRs
RAN5 5% 40% 80%
Functional Mapping (from TR 25.813)
in t e r n e t
e N B
R B C o n t r o l
C o n n e c t io n M o b il it y C o n t.
e N B M e a s u r e m e n tC o n f ig u r a t io n & P r o v is io n
D y n a m ic R e s o u r c e A llo c a t io n (S c h e d u le r)
P D C P
P H Y
M M E
S e r v in g G a t e w a y
S1M A C
I n t e r C e ll R R M
R a d io A d m is s io n C o n t r o l
R L C
E-U T R A N E P C
R R C
M o b ilit y A n c h o r in g
S A E B e a r e r C o n t r o l
I d le S t a t e M o b il it y H a n d l in g
N A S S e c u r it y
MME Functions
Idle mode mobility
Tracking area update
Maintenance of equivalent tracking areas
Idle mode access restrictions
Security Key management
S1-u connection establishment
Idle to active mode transition
Session management
RAB and QoS
S1 handling during HO
SAE GW radio related functionality
Idle S1 GTP bearer end point
QoS handling & tunnel mgt
S1 path switch during Handover
RRM Functions (1/3)
in t e r n e t
e N B
R B C o n t r o l
C o n n e c t io n M o b il it y C o n t.
e N B M e a s u r e m e n tC o n f ig u r a t io n & P r o v is io n
D y n a m ic R e s o u r c e A llo c a t io n (S c h e d u le r)
P D C P
P H Y
M M E
S e r v in g G a t e w a y
S1M A C
I n t e r C e ll R R M
R a d io A d m is s io n C o n t r o l
R L C
E-U T R A N E P C
R R C
M o b ilit y A n c h o r in g
S A E B e a r e r C o n t r o l
I d le S t a t e M o b il it y H a n d l in g
N A S S e c u r it y
Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC):
Managing the radio resources (notably the radio resource blocks) such that inter-cell interference is kept under control
Load Balancing (LB): Influence the traffic load distribution in
such a manner that radio resources remain highly utilized and the QoS of in-progress sessions are maintained to the possible extent (may result in handover decisions)
Inter-RAT Radio Resource Management: In connection with inter-RAT mobility
(taking into account the involved RAT resource situation, UE capabilities & operator policies)
RRM Functions (2/3)
in t e r n e t
e N B
R B C o n t r o l
C o n n e c t io n M o b il it y C o n t.
e N B M e a s u r e m e n tC o n f ig u r a t io n & P r o v is io n
D y n a m ic R e s o u r c e A llo c a t io n (S c h e d u le r)
P D C P
P H Y
M M E
S e r v in g G a t e w a y
S1M A C
I n t e r C e ll R R M
R a d io A d m is s io n C o n t r o l
R L C
E-U T R A N E P C
R R C
M o b ilit y A n c h o r in g
S A E B e a r e r C o n t r o l
I d le S t a t e M o b il it y H a n d l in g
N A S S e c u r it y
Connection Mobility Control (CMC): Management of radio resources in connection
with idle or active mode
Mobility of radio connections: handover decisions based on UE & e-NodeB measurements + potentially: neighbour cell load, traffic distribution, transport & HW resources & operator defined policies
Radio Bearer Control (RBC): Establishment, maintenance & release of Radio
Bearers
Taking into account overall resource situation, QoS requirements of in-progress sessions and of the new service)
Radio Admission Control (RAC): Admit or reject the establishment requests for
new radio bearers (taking into account overall resource situation, QoS requirements & priority levels)
RRM Functions (2/3)
in t e r n e t
e N B
R B C o n t r o l
C o n n e c t io n M o b il it y C o n t.
e N B M e a s u r e m e n tC o n f ig u r a t io n & P r o v is io n
D y n a m ic R e s o u r c e A llo c a t io n (S c h e d u le r)
P D C P
P H Y
M M E
S e r v in g G a t e w a y
S1M A C
I n t e r C e ll R R M
R a d io A d m is s io n C o n t r o l
R L C
E-U T R A N E P C
R R C
M o b ilit y A n c h o r in g
S A E B e a r e r C o n t r o l
I d le S t a t e M o b il it y H a n d l in g
N A S S e c u r it y
Packet Scheduling (PSC) Allocate/De-allocate resources (including
buffer, processing resources & resource blocks) to UP & CP packets including:
Selection of RB, whose packets are to be scheduled
Managing the necessary resources (e.g. power levels, specific resource blocks)
LTE-HRPD Interworking 3GPP Standards – Stage 2
TR36.300 defines LTE Radio Access RAN3 defined the ASN1 (coding) of the S1-AP interface to Packet Core
3GPP Evolved Packet Core (EPC) Architecture TS 23.401 Specifies MME, SGW, PDN GW
S1-U GTP (eNodeB to SGW bearer) S1-MME GTP (eNodeB to MME control) S10 GTP (MME to MME control) S11 GTP (MME to SGW), S5a GTP (SGW to Visited PDN-GW), S8a GTP (SGW to Home PDN-GW), Gx (S7) Diameter (Home PDN-GW to Home PCRF), Gxc (S7c) Diameter (SGW to Visited PCRF) S6a Diameter (MME to HSS)
TS 23.402 EPC Enhancements for non 3GPP networks deploying LTE RAN. S101 UDP/IP (MME to DO RAN), S5b PMIPv6 (SGW to VPDN-GW) S8b PMIPv6 (SGW to Home PDN-GW) S103 GRE (SGW to HSGW) S102 A21-like UDP/IP (MME to 3G1x MSC)
3GPP TS 36.300 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN)” Defines the E-UTRAN Overall Description Defines X2 – eNodeB to eNodeB Handoff
Relevant 3GPP Release 8 Stage 3 Specifications
S1-MME E-UTRAN - MME Session management, mobility management EMM, ESM CT1 24.301S1-U E-UTRAN - MME User plane tunneling GTP-U CT4, RAN3 29.274S2a MAG - PDN GW Control and user plane from trusted non-3GPP to PDN GW PMIP CT4 29.275S2b ePDG - PDN GW Control and user plane from ePDG to PDN GW PMIP CT4 29.275
S5 (PMIP) S-GW - PDN GWUser plane tunneling and tunnel management between S-GW and PDN GW. Serving GW relocation PMIP CT4 29.275
S6a MME - HSS Authentication and authorization Diameter CT4 29.272
S6b PDN GW - 3GPP AAA
Authentication, retrieval of mobility parameters (and static QoS profile for non-3GPP access if PCC is not used) from 3GPP AAA server or proxy to PDN GW.
Diameter CT4 29.273
S6c S-GW - 3GPP AAAAuthentication and mobility parameters from 3GPP AAA proxy to S-GW Diameter CT4 29.273
Gx PCRF - PDN GWQoS policy and charging rules from PCRF to policy and charging enforcement point in PDN GW. Based on Gx Diameter CT3 29.212
GxaTrusted non-3GPP-
PCRF QoS policy information from PCRF to trusted non-3GPP access Diameter CT3 29.212
Gxc PCRF - S-GW QoS policy information from PCRF to S-GW Diameter CT3 29.212
S8 (GTP) S-GW - PDN GWInter-PLMN reference point for control and user plane between S-GW and PDN GW. Inter-PLMN variant of S5, based on Gp. GTP CT4 29.274
S8 (PMIP) S-GW - PDN GWInter-PLMN roaming interface for control and user plane between S-GW and PDN GW for home routed traffic case
PMIP CT4 29.275
S9 H-PCRF - S-PCRFQoS policy and charging information from Home PCRF to visited PCRF
Diameter CT3 29.125
S10 MME-MME Reference point between two MMEs for MME relocation GTP CT4 29.274S11 MME - S-GW Bearer control between MME and S-GW GTP CT4 29.274
S12 UTRAN - S-GWOptional reference point for user plane tunneling in direct tunnel mode is based on Iu-u GTP-U CT4 29.274
SGi PDN GW - PDN Breakout from the PDN GW to packet data network Diameter, Radius CT3 29.061
ReferencePoint Endpoints Usage Protocol WG
SpecReference
Relevant 3GPP Release 8 Stage 3 Specifications
Rx PDN GW - PCRF Policy and charging information to operator's IP services Diameter CT3 29.214
S14 UE - ANDSF Dynamic provision of network selection information to UE Not defined yet CT1 24,302
S15ANDSF - Non-3GPP access
Dynamic exchange of information between ANDSF and non-3GPP IP access network Not defined yet
StaTrusted non-3GPP -
PCRFAAA information and mobility and charging information from 3GPP server or proxy to trusted non-3GPP access
Diameter CT4 29.273
Swa untrusted non-3GPP - 3GPP AAA
AAA information and mobility information from 3GPP server or proxy to an untrusted non-3GPP access
Diameter CT4 29.273
SWd3GPP AAA proxy -
3GPP AAA server Links the AAA proxy to the AAA server via intermediate networksDiameter CT4 29.273
SWm 3GPP AAA - ePDGAAA information and mobility parameters from 3GPP AAA proxy or server to ePDG Diameter CT4 29.273
SWnUntrusted non-3GPP - ePDG Forces the tunneled traffic from the UE towards ePDG
PMIP CT4 29.275
Swu UE - ePDG
UE initiated establishment and tear down of IPSec tunnel. Fast update of IPSec tunnels during handover between two untrusted non-3GPP accesses IKEv2, MOBIKE CT1 24,302
N.N.UE -
trusted/untrusted non-3GPP access
Access authentication (mandatory for trusted, optional for untrusted access) EAP AKA CT1 24.302
SWx3GPP AAA Server -
HSSAuthentication data from the HSS to 3GPP AAA server Diameter CT4 29.273
S101 MME-HRPD ANOptimized Handover Procedures and Protocols between EUTRAN Access and cdma2000 HRPD Access CT4 29.277
S102cdma2000 HRPD
accessOptimized Handover Procedures and Protocols between EUTRAN Access and 1xRTT Access
CT4 29.276
S103cdma2000 1xRTT
accessOptimized Handover Procedures and Protocols between EUTRAN Access and cdma2000 HRPD Access
CT4 29.277
USIM/ME USIM - UE USIM interface T=0 CT6 31.102, 31.111
ReferencePoint Endpoints Usage Protocol WG
SpecReference
Relevant 3GPP Release 8 Stage 3 Specifications
Cx HSS – CSCF Location management, user data handling, user authentication Diameter CT4 29.228, 29.229Dx I-SCSCF – SLF Subscription Locator Query, used in conjunction with Cx interface Diameter CT4 29.228, 29.229Gm UE – P-CSCF Multi-media type services SIP CT1 24.229ISC S-CSCF – AS Subscription to event notification, convey charging info SIP CT1 24.229
Mw
Mr
CSCF – CSCF
Call Control Protocol for use in IP Multimedia CN subsystem SIP, SDP CT1 24.229
Mj
S-CSCF – MRFC
Mx
CSCF – Ext. IMS Mn MGCF– IMS-MGW Support for PSTN/ISDN emulation as required by ETSI TISPAN H.248 CT4 29.332
Sh AS – HSS Data handling, Subscription Notification Diameter CT4 29.328, 29.329
Ut UE – AS Service Configuration Data Manipulation for Supplementary Services XCAP, HTTP CT4 24.423
ReferencePoint Endpoints Usage Protocol WG
SpecReference
Mg
Mi
CSCF – MGCF
Mp Allows MRFC control of media resources provided by MRFP H.248 CT4 29.333
Rf AS – CDF Offline Charging reference point Diameter SA5 32.260, 32.299
Ro AS/MRFC – OCS Online Charging reference point Diameter SA5
MRFC – MRFP
Dh AS – SLF Subscription Locator Query, used in conjunction with Sh interface Diameter CT4 29.328, 29.329
32.260, 32.299
Presence Ref Points
CT1 24.141Manage presence information of a user device, service or service media SIP, XCAPVarious
Call Control Protocol for use in IP Multimedia CN subsystem SIP, SDP CT1 24.229
Call Control Protocol for use in IP Multimedia CN subsystem SIP, SDP CT1 24.229
BGCF – BGCF
CSCF – IBCF
BGCF – MGCF
CSCF – BGCF Call Control Protocol for use in IP Multimedia CN subsystem SIP, SDP CT1 24.229
Call Control Protocol for use in IP Multimedia CN subsystem SIP, SDP CT1 24.229
Call Control Protocol for use in IP Multimedia CN subsystem SIP, SDP CT1 24.229
Call Control Protocol for use in IP Multimedia CN subsystem SIP, SDP CT1 24.229
Call Control Protocol for use in IP Multimedia CN subsystem SIP, SDP CT1 24.229
Mk
Mm
LTE ARCHITECTURE – Control Plane Layout over S1
eNB
PHY
UE
PHY
MAC
RLC
MAC
MME
RLC
NAS NAS
RRC RRC
PDCP PDCP
UE eNode-B MME
RRC sub-layer performs: Broadcasting Paging Connection Mgt Radio bearer control Mobility functions UE measurement reporting & control
PDCP sub-layer performs: Integrity protection & ciphering
NAS sub-layer performs: Authentication Security control Idle mode mobility handling Idle mode paging origination
LTE ARCHITECTURE – Control Plane Layout over S1
eNB
PHY
UE
PHY
MAC
RLC
MAC
MME
RLC
NAS NAS
RRC RRC
PDCP PDCP
UE eNode-B MME
LTE ARCHITECTURE – User Plane Layout over S1
UE eNode-B SAE
eNB
PHY
UE
PHY
MAC
RLC
MAC
PDCPPDCP
RLC
SAE Gateway
LTE ARCHITECTURE – User Plane Layout over S1
UE eNode-B MME
eNB
PHY
UE
PHY
MAC
RLC
MAC
PDCPPDCP
RLC
SAE Gateway
RLC sub-layer performs: Transferring upper layer PDUs In-sequence delivery of PDUs No error correction through ARQ Duplicate detection Flow control Concatenation/re-assembly of packets
PDCP sub-layer performs: Header compression Ciphering
MAC sub-layer performs: Scheduling Error correction through HARQ Priority handling across UEs & logical channels In-sequence delivery of RLC PDUs Multiplexing/de-multiplexing of RLC radio bearers into/from PhCHs on TrCHs
Physical sub-layer performs: DL: ODFMA, UL: SC-FDMA HARQ UL power control Multi-stream transmission & reception (i.e. MIMO)
LTE-HRPD Interworking 3GPP Standards – Stage 2 (continued)
Three 3GPP2 LTE-HRPD standards documents… 3GPP2 TSG-C C.S0087-0 Inter-working Specification for cdma2000 1x, High Rate
Packet Data and Long Term Evolution Systems– eAT new ProtocolIDs and new tunneling-related protocols
TSG-A A.S0022-0 “E-UTRAN-HRPD Connectivity/Interworking: Core Network Aspects”: Based on the existing HRPD IOS specification to support:
– A11+ UDP/IP (DO RAN to HSGW)
– S101 UDP/IP (DO RAN to MME)
TSG-X.0057 “E-UTRAN-HRPD Connectivity/Interworking: Core Network Aspects”– Defines E-TRAN-eHRPD connectivity and Interworking Architecture
– Define HSGW functions and interfaces
– S2a PMIP v6 (HSGW to PDN-GW)
– Gxa (S7a) Diameter (HSGW to PCRF)
– S101 UDP/IP (DO RAN to MME)
– S103 GRE (SGW to HSGW)
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