1 taxonomy intro[1][1]

Hmmm...Hmmm...

How about those classifying activities we How about those classifying activities we did?did?– Was it easy to make up the classification Was it easy to make up the classification

scheme?scheme?– Was it easy to follow other people's Was it easy to follow other people's

instructions?instructions?– Should it be easy for anyone to follow?Should it be easy for anyone to follow?– What types of questions make it easier to What types of questions make it easier to

classify?classify?

Biodiversity• Scientists have identified 1.75 million different species of organisms so far

• The number, variety, and genetic variation of different organisms found within a specified geographic region

QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER:

Why so many organisms?

Why should we care?

What purpose do they really serve?

Does our existence really depend on them?

How did we get so much Diversity??

EVOLUTION

TaxonomyTaxonomy

What is What is taxonomytaxonomy??

TaxonomyTaxonomy is the branch of is the branch of biology concerned with the biology concerned with the grouping and naming of grouping and naming of organismsorganisms

Biologists who study this Biologists who study this are called are called taxonomiststaxonomists

How did it start?How did it start?

People wanted to People wanted to organizeorganize their world so they began their world so they began groupinggrouping, or , or classifyingclassifying everything they saw.everything they saw.

Things that swimThings that swimThings that flyThings that flyThings that crawlThings that crawlThings that walk on four legsThings that walk on four legsThings that chew their foodThings that chew their foodThings that swallow food Things that swallow food wholewholeThings that are toxicThings that are toxic

Why Why classifyclassify??

To help us study the earthTo help us study the earth

To help us organize all the To help us organize all the species we discover . . . species we discover . . .

To give every species a To give every species a name based on a name based on a standard standard methodmethod so scientists from so scientists from different countries can talk different countries can talk about the same animal about the same animal without confusionwithout confusion

An animal is known by An animal is known by twotwo names… names…

Canis lupusCanis lupus is the scientific is the scientific name for a gray wolf. name for a gray wolf.

CanisCanis is the is the genusgenus name name

lupuslupus is the is the speciesspecies name name

This system uses a This system uses a binomial nomenclaturebinomial nomenclature

Binomial Binomial NomenclatureNomenclature

BiBi means means twotwo

NomenNomen means means namename

A A binomial nomenclature binomial nomenclature is is a classification system a classification system using using two namestwo names to to identify an organismidentify an organism

GenusGenus……

A A genusgenus consists of a consists of a group of closely related group of closely related speciesspeciesOther animals in the Other animals in the Canis Canis group include dogs and group include dogs and coyotescoyotesThe The genusgenus name is always name is always CapitalizedCapitalized

Species...Species...

A A species species consists of consists of animals that can mate and animals that can mate and produce produce fertile offspringfertile offspringOnly grey wolves are Only grey wolves are known as known as lupuslupus..The The speciesspecies name is name is always always lowercaselowercase

What do you get when you cross a Horse and a Donkey?

A mule, which is sterile!

+ =

Who is Carolus Who is Carolus Linnaeus?Linnaeus?

Carolus Carolus LinnaeusLinnaeus was a was a Swedish botanistSwedish botanist

Developed a 7-level (Developed a 7-level (taxataxa) ) classification systemclassification system based based on similarities between on similarities between organismsorganisms

Levels of Classification

The Seven Level The Seven Level SystemSystem

KKingdomingdomPPhylumhylumCClasslassOOrderrderFFamilyamilyGGenusenusSSpeciespecies

KKingingPPhilliphillipCCalledalledOOprahprahFFororGGoodoodSSpicespices

How does it work?How does it work?

There are There are 66 broad kingdoms broad kingdomsEveryEvery living thing that we living thing that we know of fits into one of the know of fits into one of the six kingdomssix kingdomsEach level gets more Each level gets more specific as fewer organisms specific as fewer organisms fit into any one groupfit into any one group

When referring to a particular species, it is correct to give both genus and species together. As an example, here is the taxonomic classification for the grey wolf:

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Sub-phylum: Vertebrata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Canidae Genus: Canis Species: Canis lupus

When referring to a particular species, it is correct to give both genus and species together. As an example, here is the taxonomic classification for the grey wolf:

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: MolluscaSub-phylum: Vertebrata Class: GastropodaOrder: PulmonataFamily: CochliocopidaeGenus: CochlicopaSpecies: Cochlicopa lubrica

Quick ReviewQuick Review

What are the seven taxa or What are the seven taxa or levels?levels?

Who designed the system?Who designed the system?

What taxa are organisms What taxa are organisms named with? named with?

Day 1Day 1

Read pages 10-12Read pages 10-12

Do p. 13 #1-6Do p. 13 #1-6

Do Activity 1.1 on p. 13 – Snake or Lizard?Do Activity 1.1 on p. 13 – Snake or Lizard?

Day 2Day 2

Dichotomous KeysDichotomous Keys

Dichotomous KeyA two-part key used to identify living things.

The key is constructed so that a series of choices must be made, and each choice leads to a new branch of the key.

If choices are made accurately, the end result is the name of the organism being identified.

You're TurnYou're Turn

Smiley Face Dichotomous KeySmiley Face Dichotomous Key

Day 2 WorkDay 2 Work

Dichotomous KeysDichotomous Keys– Smiley FaceSmiley Face– Shark KeyShark Key

Read p. 13-15Read p. 13-15

Do p. 15 #1-11Do p. 15 #1-11

Levels of Classification

The Seven Level The Seven Level SystemSystem

KKingdomingdomPPhylumhylumCClasslassOOrderrderFFamilyamilyGGenusenusSSpeciespecies

KKingingPPhilliphillipCCalledalledOOprahprahFFororGGoodoodSSpicespices

Kingdom/Phylum Mind MapsKingdom/Phylum Mind Maps

Introduce AssignmentIntroduce Assignment

Read p. 24-29Read p. 24-29

Do p. 30 #1-10Do p. 30 #1-10