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The Protestant The Protestant ReformationReformation
The Protestant The Protestant ReformationReformation
Bell RingerBell RingerWhich of the following beliefs was
central to Martin Luther’s religious philosophy?
A. Salvation by faith aloneB. Saints as intermediaries between the
individual Christian and GodC. The sacrament of penanceD. The priesthood defined as distinct from
the laityE. The equality of men and women
Which of the following beliefs was central to Martin Luther’s religious philosophy?
A. Salvation by faith aloneB. Saints as intermediaries between the
individual Christian and GodC. The sacrament of penanceD. The priesthood defined as distinct from
the laityE. The equality of men and women
What root words do you see?What root words do you see?
PROTESTANTREFORMATIONPROTESTANT
REFORMATION
PROTESTANT REFORMATION
PROTESTANT REFORMATION
What is the Protestant Reformation?
What is the Protestant Reformation?
The religious reform movement that divided the western Church into Catholic and Protestant groups.
The religious reform movement that divided the western Church into Catholic and Protestant groups.
VS.
Northern RenaissanceNorthern Renaissance
As the Renaissance moved Northward, so did its ideals
Christian Humanism (aka Northern Humanism)
Goal - reform the Catholic Church
As the Renaissance moved Northward, so did its ideals
Christian Humanism (aka Northern Humanism)
Goal - reform the Catholic Church
Christian HumanismChristian Humanism
To change society, must 1st change humanity
Human beings able to reason & improve selves
Reading for selves = more pious (having strong religious feelings)
Inner piety reform of church & society
To change society, must 1st change humanity
Human beings able to reason & improve selves
Reading for selves = more pious (having strong religious feelings)
Inner piety reform of church & society
ErasmusErasmus
“the Philosophy of Christ”
Christianity should:show people how to
live good lives
“the Philosophy of Christ”
Christianity should:show people how to
live good lives
Erasmus’ EggErasmus’ Egg
Reform NOT Break
Ideas laid foundation
“Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched”
Reform NOT Break
Ideas laid foundation
“Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched”
Luther
Reasons for the Reformation
Reasons for the Reformation
upper levels of church were wealthy & oppressive
church = too feudal & old
Monarchy – wanted Church’s power & money
upper levels of church were wealthy & oppressive
church = too feudal & old
Monarchy – wanted Church’s power & money
Reasons for the Reformation (cont.)
Reasons for the Reformation (cont.)
Clerical immorality – violated celibacy & accused of drunkenness, gambling, and other vice
Clerical ignorance – many barely read or write
Clerical absenteeism and pluralism – esp. higher level officials – often absent and held more than one office at a time (often purchased their office)
SIMONY
NEPOTISM
Clerical immorality – violated celibacy & accused of drunkenness, gambling, and other vice
Clerical ignorance – many barely read or write
Clerical absenteeism and pluralism – esp. higher level officials – often absent and held more than one office at a time (often purchased their office)
SIMONY
NEPOTISM
How to Attain SalvationHow to Attain Salvation
People’s spiritual needs - not metMain concern - salvation (“How do
I get to Heaven?!”)Catholic Church answers:
Veneration of relicsObtaining indulgence
People’s spiritual needs - not metMain concern - salvation (“How do
I get to Heaven?!”)Catholic Church answers:
Veneration of relicsObtaining indulgence
Movie ClipMovie Clip
Luther - “The Price of Salvation”Luther - “The Price of Salvation”
What is an Indulgence?What is an Indulgence?The release from all or part of the punishment for
sin in purgatory (a place between Earth & afterlife where one “serves time” for their sins & is purified. Time spent here is directly proportional to the number & severity of sins committed in one’s life.)
The release from all or part of the punishment for sin in purgatory (a place between Earth & afterlife where one “serves time” for their sins & is purified. Time spent here is directly proportional to the number & severity of sins committed in one’s life.)
Martin LutherMartin Luther
Monk & professor of theology
Wittenberg, Germany
Conflicted by the difference in Catholic teachings/practices vs. what was said in the Bible
Monk & professor of theology
Wittenberg, Germany
Conflicted by the difference in Catholic teachings/practices vs. what was said in the Bible
Luther vs. Church: SalvationLuther vs. Church: Salvation
To Obtain Salvation…Church said: must have faith AND do
good worksLuther said: faith in God alone will earn
one salvation (key teaching known as “justification by faith alone”)
Luther’s theory based on Bible - became the sole source of religious truth to Protestants
To Obtain Salvation…Church said: must have faith AND do
good worksLuther said: faith in God alone will earn
one salvation (key teaching known as “justification by faith alone”)
Luther’s theory based on Bible - became the sole source of religious truth to Protestants
Luther’s 95 ThesesLuther’s 95 Theses
October 31, 1517Nailed to door of church in
Wittenberg 95 Theses - spelled out the abuses
of the ChurchPrinting Press - HUGE impact on
Reformation - Why?
October 31, 1517Nailed to door of church in
Wittenberg 95 Theses - spelled out the abuses
of the ChurchPrinting Press - HUGE impact on
Reformation - Why?
BacklashBacklash
Did NOT intend to break with Church - just wanted REFORM
Church wanted him to recant (take back) his criticisms
Luther says…
Did NOT intend to break with Church - just wanted REFORM
Church wanted him to recant (take back) his criticisms
Luther says…
ResultResult
Luther is excommunicated & defrocked (banned from the church & stripped of his position) in 1521
Angers not only the Pope, but Charles V - Holy Roman Emperor
Luther is excommunicated & defrocked (banned from the church & stripped of his position) in 1521
Angers not only the Pope, but Charles V - Holy Roman Emperor
The Diet of WormsThe Diet of Worms
IS NOT a means of obtaining nutritional sustenance from eating nothing but those little squiggly things in your garden…
IS a legislative assembly of the Holy Roman Emperor in the German city of Worms (pronounced Vuhrms)
IS NOT a means of obtaining nutritional sustenance from eating nothing but those little squiggly things in your garden…
IS a legislative assembly of the Holy Roman Emperor in the German city of Worms (pronounced Vuhrms)
Movie ClipMovie ClipLuther - “A Simple Reply”Luther - “A Simple Reply”
Edict of WormsEdict of Worms
Made Luther an outlawAll Luther’s works to be burnedLuther to be captured & turned
over to Charles V
Made Luther an outlawAll Luther’s works to be burnedLuther to be captured & turned
over to Charles V
Peasant RevoltsPeasant Revolts
June, 1524Luther “disappeared” - the worst was
rumoredPeasants revolted against nobility &
clergy (thought Luther would approve)Imperial army retaliated100,000 peasants dead
June, 1524Luther “disappeared” - the worst was
rumoredPeasants revolted against nobility &
clergy (thought Luther would approve)Imperial army retaliated100,000 peasants dead
Happy Ending??Happy Ending??
German Princes united under Luther (benefit = autonomy from HRE)
1555- Peace of Augsburg (treaty)***Charles V conceded to formally accept the
division of Christianity in GermanyGerman princes could choose the faith of their
state (not an individual choice)
German Princes united under Luther (benefit = autonomy from HRE)
1555- Peace of Augsburg (treaty)***Charles V conceded to formally accept the
division of Christianity in GermanyGerman princes could choose the faith of their
state (not an individual choice)
Major Contributions of Luther & the Reformation
Major Contributions of Luther & the Reformation
Translation of the Bible into GermanOpened door to religious freedomAbolition of vows of celibacy for
Protestant clergyCaused Catholic Church to consider
reforms
Translation of the Bible into GermanOpened door to religious freedomAbolition of vows of celibacy for
Protestant clergyCaused Catholic Church to consider
reforms
Spread of ProtestantismSpread of Protestantism
Division forever ChristianityProtestantism
SwitzerlandZwingli of Zürich
Division forever ChristianityProtestantism
SwitzerlandZwingli of Zürich
CalvinismCalvinism
John Calvin - founderDoctrine of
justification by faith alone
Predestination - God had determined in advance those who would be saved and those who would not
John Calvin - founderDoctrine of
justification by faith alone
Predestination - God had determined in advance those who would be saved and those who would not
Calvin’s ReformsCalvin’s Reforms
GenevaThe Consistory
Special courtEnforced moral disciplineOversaw morality Punished deviants
Crimes = singing obscene songs, dancing, swearing, drunkenness, playing cards
GenevaThe Consistory
Special courtEnforced moral disciplineOversaw morality Punished deviants
Crimes = singing obscene songs, dancing, swearing, drunkenness, playing cards
You little
$#@&!!
I LIKE BIG BUTTSAND I CANNOT
LIE…
AnabaptistsAnabaptists
“Re-baptizer”A radical adult Christian
group that believed:All believers equalAny member could be ministerComplete separation of Church
& StatePersecuted by both Catholics
& ProtestantsToday - Mennonite & Amish
“Re-baptizer”A radical adult Christian
group that believed:All believers equalAny member could be ministerComplete separation of Church
& StatePersecuted by both Catholics
& ProtestantsToday - Mennonite & Amish
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