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Designing Software with a Sustainability Intent! The Software Sustainability Assessment! SoSA© method!
!!!Patricia Lago!Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
WHAT DO THESE PROJECTS HAVE IN COMMON?
#1: THIS IS WHAT MAKES SOCIETY A BETTER PLACE #2: SOFTWARE IS THERE TO MAKE THE DREAM COME TRUE
‹#› Hetbegintmeteenidee
Are we looking at the right problems? Do we have the right instruments?
Source:DorianGray(2009),themo?onpicture
PATRICIALAGO©2016
A (simple) example: Smart Healthcare and Medication Reminder Apps
“Smart Healthcare is defined by the Technology that leads to be7er diagnos8c tools, be7er treatment for pa8ents, and devices that improve the quality of life for anyone and everyone.”
Source:bluestream.sg/smart-healthcare
Education: Computer Science Master Track Software Engineering and Green IT
P. Lago, A Master Program on Engineering Energy-Aware SoIware. In Interna8onal Conference on Informa8cs for Environmental Protec8on, BIS Verlag, 2014.
The Green Lab A master course for serious experimentation in software energy
efficiency
research education
practice
“encourage critical and interdisciplinary thinking”
“experiment with new methods”
“pose sustainability
challenges and needs”
© Patricia Lago 2014
RESEARCH PHILOSOPHY
OPTIMIZED DATA MANAGEMENT +70% performance
WEBSITE CONTENT DELIVERY -45% energy consumption
SMART USE OF WEB RESOURCES -8,5% energy consumption
SOFTWARE DEPLOYMENT STRATEGY
-10% power consumption
RESULTS FROM CASE STUDIES
FLEXIBLE COMPUTATION OFFLOAD
-40% power consumption
SOFTWARE REFACTORING -50% energy consumption -20% power consumption
EFFICIENT DATABASE QUERIES -25% energy consumption
PATRICIALAGO©2016,2017
KNOWLEDGE BANK REUSABLE METRICS / KPIs
RESEARCH: Plan for software sustainability
PATRICIALAGO©2016,2017
SoSA method: DECISION MAP
RQ: How to Plan for Software to be “Sustainable by Design”?
PATRICIALAGO©2016,2017
SW ARCHITECTURE DESIGN
Software intent: “the fundamental laws that capture a software system’s intended behavior”
[Huisman et al, Software that meets its intent, 2016]
PATRICIALAGO©2016
Technical Economic
Social Environmental
Source: P. Lago et al. “Framing Sustainability as a SoIware Quality Property”, ACM Communica8ons, 2015.
Software with a sustainability intent: intended sustainability behavior”
Four relevant sustainability concerns
Technical Economic
Social Environmental
PATRICIALAGO©2016
Sustainability Defined u Technical Sustainability addresses
the long-term use of software-intens ive systems and the i r appropr ia te evo lu t ion in an execu t ion env i ronment tha t continuously changes.
u Economic Sustainability focuses o n p r e s e r v i n g c a p i t a l a n d (economic) value.
u Social Sustainability focuses on supporting current and future generations to have the same or greater access to social resources by pursuing generational equity. For software-intensive systems, this dimension encompasses the direct
support of social communities in any domain, as well as the support of activities or processes that indirectly create benefits for social communities.
u Environmental Sustainability aims at improving human welfare while protecting natural resources. For software-intensive systems, this dimension aims at addressing ecologic requirements, including energy efficiency and ecologic awareness creation.
Source: P. Lago et al., Framing Sustainability as a Software Quality Property, ACM Communications, 2015.
Impacts Defined ◆ Immediate impacts refer to changes which are immediately observable. ◆ Enabling impacts arise from use over time. This includes the opportunity to
consume more (or less) resources, but also shorten their useful life by obsolescence (when we buy a new smart phone just because incompatible with newer applications) or substitution (when e-book readers replace printed books). ◆ Systemic impacts refer to persistent changes observable at the macro level.
This includes behavioral change and economic structural change. This may translate into (negative) rebound effects by converting efficiency improvements into additional consumption, or new risks - like our dependence on ICT networks that makes a digital society also vulnerable.
Source: L. Hilty et al. The relevance of information and communication technologies for environmental sustainability. Environm. Modelling & Software, 21(11):1618-1629, 2006.
TECHNICAL
ECONO
MIC
SOCIAL
ENVI
RONM
ENTA
L
software
IMMEDIATE IMPACT
ENABLING IMPACT
SYSTEMIC IMPACT
PATRICIALAGO©2016
SOFTWARESUSTAINABILITYASSESSMENTMETHOD©PATRICIALAGO
PATRICIALAGO©2016
IMMEDIATE IMPACT
Software Product
Software with a sustainability intent: A multi-dimensional problem over time
SYSTEMIC IMPACT
ENABLING IMPACT
SOFTWARESUSTAINABILITYASSESSMENTMETHOD©PATRICIALAGO
PATRICIALAGO©2016
IMMEDIATE IMPACT
Software Product
Software with a sustainability intent: A multi-dimensional problem over time
TECHNICAL E
CO
NO
MIC
SOCIAL
EN
VIR
ON
ME
NTA
L
IMMEDIATE IMPACT
ENABLING IMPACT
SYSTEMIC IMPACT
ENERGY SAVINGS
SCALABILITY CONFIGURABILITY
SOFTWARESYSTAINABILITYASSESSMENTMETHOD©PATRICIALAGO
WELL BEING
HEATHCARE SAVINGS
ENERGY COSTS
Smart Lighting
PATRICIALAGO©2016
PHILIPS SOFTWARE for SMART LIGHTING CONTROL
+
+
-
+
+/- +/-
An example
Identify scope of sustainability impact …
Assign indicators
Software solution
… in the pertinent sustainability dimension
Drivers, goals, quality properties
Going from a software solution to its sustainability impact
PATRICIALAGO©2016
Identify scope of sustainability impact …
Assign indicators
Software solution
… in the pertinent sustainability dimension
Going from a software solution to its sustainability impact
Architecture/Concernsà Dimensions à Indicators à Metrics/KPIs à Measures à Decision Map
Drivers, goals, quality properties
PATRICIALAGO©2016
TECHNICAL E
CO
NO
MIC
SOCIAL
EN
VIR
ON
ME
NTA
L
IMMEDIATE IMPACT
ENABLING IMPACT
SYSTEMIC IMPACT
KPMG (Qubus)
POWER CONSUMPTION
EXECUTION TIME
(data load) ENERGY CONSUMPTION
(deployment strategy) 10%
+/- +/-
Architecture/Concerns à Dimensions à Indicators à Metrics/KPIs à Measures à Decision Map
Another example
Source: R. Verdecchia et al., Estimating Energy Impact of Software Releases and Deployment Strategies: the KPMG Case Study, in ESEM 2017, to appear.
Another example: Mobility as a Service
PATRICIALAGO©2016
SoSA Model MaaS Framework: the mobility end-user perspective
Source: T. Niggebrugge, S. Vos, P. Lago. The Sustainability of Mobility as a Service Solutions - Evaluated through the SoSA Method, work in progress, July 2017.
PATRICIALAGO©2016
SoSA Model MaaS Framework: the mobility provider perspective
Source: T. Niggebrugge, S. Vos, P. Lago. The Sustainability of Mobility as a Service Solutions - Evaluated through the SoSA Method, work in progress, July 2017.
PATRICIALAGO©2016
Thank you
28 @patricia_lago
Credits: slides, ideas and results are a collec8ve effort with my bright and energe8c colleagues in the S2 Group @Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam www.s2group.cs.vu.nl
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