Puccinia fungus

CLASSIFICATION:CLASSIFICATION:Kingdom: MycotaKingdom: Mycota

Division: EumycotaDivision: EumycotaSubdivision: Subdivision:

BasidiomycotinaBasidiomycotina

INTRODUCTION:INTRODUCTION: The genus includes about 3000 The genus includes about 3000 species of these 147 has been species of these 147 has been reported from India.reported from India.

It causes a rust disease - black It causes a rust disease - black stem rust of Wheatstem rust of Wheat..

Class: TeliomycetesClass: TeliomycetesOrder: UredinalesOrder: Uredinales

Family: PucciniaceaeFamily: PucciniaceaeGenus: PucciniaGenus: Puccinia

Species : graminisSpecies : graminis

Puccinia graminisPuccinia graminis is an obligate is an obligate parasite.parasite.

It is a heterocious parasite. It is a heterocious parasite. It’s life cycle on Wheat and on It’s life cycle on Wheat and on

Barberry. Barberry. Wheat is a primary host.Wheat is a primary host. Barberry is a secondary or Barberry is a secondary or

alternate host.alternate host.

Dikaryophase Reproduction:Dikaryophase Reproduction: On Wheat On Wheat PucciniaPuccinia reproduces by reproduces by (Asexual) sporulation. (Asexual) sporulation. The spores are of two kinds:The spores are of two kinds:(i)(i) Uridiospores (2N) Uridiospores (2N) Uridosporangium Uridosporangium (ii)(ii) Telutospores (2N)Telutospores (2N)TelutosporangiumTelutosporangium(iii) Basidio spores(iii) Basidio spores

Each cell contains a pair Each cell contains a pair of nuclei (n + n) of nuclei (n + n) constituting a dikaryon.constituting a dikaryon.

To obtain nutrition To obtain nutrition haplophase phase develop haplophase phase develop haustoria.haustoria.

Uredineal Stage:Uredineal Stage:

The hyphae of the dikaryotic The hyphae of the dikaryotic mycelium - aggregate near mycelium - aggregate near the surface of the infected the surface of the infected organ to form a hyphal mass organ to form a hyphal mass known as Ureida.known as Ureida.

The tip of each hyphae swells to The tip of each hyphae swells to form a single binucleate oval form a single binucleate oval uredospore formed in a group. uredospore formed in a group. uredinium or uredosorus.uredinium or uredosorus.

They exert pressure on the They exert pressure on the epidermis, finally ruptured in epidermis, finally ruptured in form of slits through which rusty form of slits through which rusty coloured Uredospores are seen.coloured Uredospores are seen.

Puccinia Uredo- sporangium

Mycelium

Uredospore

Puccinia Uredo-

sporangium-Wheat

Uredospore are stalked, unicellular

oval, binucleate structures, rusty red in

colour.

Telial Stage:Telial Stage: Late in growing season, Late in growing season,

Uredospores are metamorphoses Uredospores are metamorphoses into Telutospores in the same into Telutospores in the same Uredosori.Uredosori.

Uredosori is known as Telutosori.Uredosori is known as Telutosori. Telutospores are dark brown or Telutospores are dark brown or

black in colour.black in colour.

Stage III: Telia bearing Stage III: Telia bearing teliospores (n+n>2n)teliospores (n+n>2n)

PucciniaPuccinia Teluto Teluto sporangiumsporangium

Telutospores

Telutospores Telutospores Dark brown or Dark brown or black in colour. black in colour.

stalked, two stalked, two celled, spindle celled, spindle

shaped.shaped.The wall is thick, The wall is thick,

black and black and smooth.smooth.

Puccinia teluto Puccinia teluto sporesspores

•Each cell has two nuclei (one plus strain and the other of minus strain).

•final stage on primary host•Telutospore matures, the nuclei in each cell fuse to form a diploid nucleus (Kayogamy) (2N).

Germination of Teluto sporeGermination of Teluto spore On SoilOn Soil Favourable condition- Proper Favourable condition- Proper

Temperature, MoistureTemperature, Moisture Germination of Teluto spore- Germination of Teluto spore-

germination tube - Epibasidium germination tube - Epibasidium

Germination of TeliosporeGermination of Teliospore

Germination tube

Germinated Teluto spore and formation Germinated Teluto spore and formation of Basidium & Basidio sporesof Basidium & Basidio spores

Epibasidium

Basidio spore(+) Or (-)Sterigmata

Hypobasidium Basidium

BasidiosporesBasidiospores(+ and -)(+ and -)

Basidiospores germinate on upper epidermis of Barberry leaf and produce Pycniosporangium

Stages of Puccinia Stages of Puccinia on Barberry leafon Barberry leaf

Pycniospores stage:Pycniospores stage: On upper On upper epidermis with +ve and – ve epidermis with +ve and – ve basidiospores (Sexual reproduction) basidiospores (Sexual reproduction) (Plasmogamy)(Plasmogamy)

Aecidiospore stageAecidiospore stage: On lower : On lower epidermis, Binucleate Aecidiosporeepidermis, Binucleate Aecidiospore

Infection of Infection of PucciniaPuccinia on Barberry on Barberry leaf Lower and Upper sidesleaf Lower and Upper sides

Puccinia PycniumPuccinia Pycnium on Upper on Upper epidermisepidermis

Receptive hyphae and SpermatiaReceptive hyphae and Spermatia

Spermatia Receptive hyphae

Develop-Develop-ment of ment of

AecidiospAecidiosporangiumorangium

Stage I: Aecia bearingStage I: Aecia bearingaeciospores (n+n)aeciospores (n+n)

•PucciniaPuccinia- Aecio sporangium on lower - Aecio sporangium on lower epidermisepidermis aeciospores infect primary host.aeciospores infect primary host.Aeciospores produced on alternate host Aeciospores produced on alternate host (e.g.,Barberry) infect primary host (e.g., (e.g.,Barberry) infect primary host (e.g., grasses)grasses)

Aeciospores- Aeciospores- round, yellowish round, yellowish red, Unicellular, red, Unicellular, binucleate, thick binucleate, thick walled, 6 germ walled, 6 germ pores.pores.

Germinate on Germinate on wheat plant.wheat plant.

AeciosporesAecidiosporangium

Puccinia- Puccinia- Polymorphic fungiPolymorphic fungi

Polymorphism: Various types of Polymorphism: Various types of spores produced during life cycle spores produced during life cycle according to hosts life cycle and according to hosts life cycle and climatic condition.climatic condition.

Known as Polymorphism.Known as Polymorphism. Fungi shows polymorphism known Fungi shows polymorphism known

as Polymorphic fungi.as Polymorphic fungi.

Puccinia Life Cycle

Puccinia life cyclePuccinia Life Cycle

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