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Junior level intro to survey methodology.
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Developmental Research MethodsTopic 14: Questionnaires, and surveys
04/10/2023CEDP 321/322 Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 1
04/10/2023 CEDP 321/322 Ryan Sain, Ph.D.
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Open ended questionsDoes not impose bias on subjectGives you data you may not have
expectedDifficulty in analysis
◦Finding patterns◦Expert coding
04/10/2023 CEDP 321/322 Ryan Sain, Ph.D.
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Fixed alternativeDichotomous
◦Yes, noMultiple alternatives
◦Yes….., Yes…. Only if …, NoFunneling
◦Start broad – get narrowMake sure you do not have
overlap in options
04/10/2023 CEDP 321/322 Ryan Sain, Ph.D.
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Likert-type scalingMinimum of 5 options7 – 9 preferredAdd the scores for an index of
somethingSelf-efficacy
◦22 Likert-type questions, 1-5 then summed
◦Ranges indicate levels of self efficacy
04/10/2023 CEDP 321/322 Ryan Sain, Ph.D.
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Semantic DifferentialsGood __ __ __ __ __ __ __ BadSoft __ __ __ __ __ __ __ HardSexy __ __ __ __ __ __ __ repulsive
Measured differentialsGood BadSoft HardSexy
Repulsive
04/10/2023 CEDP 321/322 Ryan Sain, Ph.D.
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ConsiderationsVagueness is your enemyQuestion order
◦Rate the worst things about your relationship
◦Rate the best things about your relationship
Leading/loaded questions◦Have you stopped driving drunk?
One topic at a time◦President Obama is doing a good job
and handled the Korea issue well.
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Reactive questionsSensitive questions – non
anonymous◦E.g., sexual or illicit topics
Random response ◦Flip a coin and tell them to answer
YES or tell the truth.◦Must not be open ended
04/10/2023 CEDP 321/322 Ryan Sain, Ph.D.
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Survey administrationFace to face
◦Get clues about motivation◦Judge comprehension◦Interviewer bias◦Not anonymous
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Survey administrationTelephone interviews
◦Benefits of face to face ◦More efficient◦No longer a random sample◦Must be done quickly (about 15
minutes)◦Still an issue with anonymity
04/10/2023 CEDP 321/322 Ryan Sain, Ph.D.
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Survey AdministrationMailed surveys
◦Response rate◦50% is good, below this is normal◦Look professional◦Make it easy to complete
04/10/2023 CEDP 321/322 Ryan Sain, Ph.D.
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Survey AdministrationComputers
◦Faster◦More enjoyable◦More honest!◦Easier to control proper responding◦Inexpensive◦biased
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