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Community of Practice (CoP) for MLND Management in Kenya
KEPHIS Perspective
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Contents
1. Introduction
2. MLN phytosanitary, diagnostics protocols
and standards
3. Seed certification procedures
4. Import/export procedures
5. Existing MLN surveillance initiatives
6. How MLN Phytosanitary CoP can
possibly help in ensuring MLN free seed
production and distribution
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Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service (KEPHIS )
A state corporation in the ministry of Agriculture mandated to offer regulatory services in the
agricultural sector.
VISION: The Lead Regulator And Facilitator Of Globally
Competitive Agriculture
MISSION: To Provide A Science-Based Regulatory Service By
Assuring Quality Of Agricultural Inputs And Produce To Promote Food Security And
Sustainable Development
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Legal Framework Plant Protection Act, Cap 324
The Seeds and Plant varieties Act, Cap 326
Biosafety Act, 2009
Supported by a number of International Instruments such UPOV Convention, OECD seed scheme etc
Agriculture Act, Cap 318
Agricultural Produce (Export) Act, Cap 319
Among Others
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KEPHIS Activities in relation to MLND
Disease surveillance
Phytosanitary Regulation and diagnostics of MLN
- For local and imported/local seed as well as post control testing of maize seed
Centralized regulation of maize seed imports
Seed Certification process
Training and sensitization of stakeholders
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MLN Disease Surveillance
KEPHIS has been involved in field surveys for MLND
MLN Surveillance coordinated by KEPHIS Pest Risk Analysis Team (KEPHIS-HQ)
Surveillance Samples analyzed at KEPHIS Plant Quarantine molecular laboratory and the Molecular lab in Nakuru for MCMV & SCMV
KEPHIS has set up a surveillance and monitoring program for MLND for the previous year (2015)
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Laboratory Diagnostics on MLND
KEPHIS set up capacity for MLND testing in 2012 – using RT PCR and ELISA
Capacity Building on MLND diagnostics done at FERA-UK; January 2013.
Focused on Real-Time PCR assays for seed testing
Conventional PCR protocols for MCMV and SCMV also optimized.
Now testing is being done in three KEPHIS labs
Preparations underway to adopt new methods (LAMP, RPA and Immunostrip)
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MLND Testing at KEPHIS -
Takes two weeks
RNA Extraction
Sample Reception
Sampling leaf material
Pre- germination
One Day
Two Days
One Day
qPCR One Day
7 days
Laboratory diagnostics
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Diagnostics for MLND done in the Molecular lab
Centralized regulation of maize seed/grain imports
Also imports of maize grain has been centralized
All Requests to import maize seed are controlled at KEPHIS-HQ Karen.
Maize seed importers required to send a representative sample to KEPHIS for MLND virus Screening prior to importation.
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Seed import/export Regulation
Only registered seed merchants are allowed to import/export seed
An SR14 (notice to import / export) form is filled to notify KEPHIS of the intention to import or export seed.
A Plant Import Permit is issued for the importation.
Seed can also be imported by researchers for experimental purposes
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Seed Companies Dealing In Maize Seed
Currently there are about 19 seed companies dealing in maize seed in Kenya. These are
1. Kenya seed co,
2. Pannar seed ,
3. Agriseed co,
4. Western seed co,
5. Freshco,
6. East African seed co,
7. Dryland seed co,
8. Pioneer Hibred,
9. KARI seed unit,
10. Olerai ltd ,
11. Elgon kenya Ltd,
12. Monsanto,
13. Migotiyo plantations,
14. Faida seeds,
15. Pollen Ltd,
16. One Acre fund,
17. Crop Africa,
18. Gicheha and
19. Leldet Ltd.
Import regulation and Phytosanitary measures
MCMV is now treated as a regulated non quarantine pest in Kenya. As such, seed samples are delivered to KEPHIS Plant health labs for screening for the two viruses.
A plant Import permit is issued for importation once the lot is declared free from the viruses.
The imported seed is still subject to seed testing in the Seed testing lab in KEPHIS, Lanet (for germination, purity and post control).
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Earlier Interventions by KEPHIS/Stakeholders:
No seed certification standards in the Seeds and Plants Varieties (Seeds) regulations
KEPHIS convened first urgent meeting of stakeholders in 2012
Agreed on a tolerance level of less than 10% seed crop infection (informed by current info at the time)
Seed crop rejected at more that 10% infection and allowed roguing at 10% and less.
First seed crop rejections were in Narok
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Regulatory Interventions during Seed Certification
No Regulatory gazetted standards a yet in the Seeds
and Plants Varieties (Seeds) regulations.
KEPHIS convened a 2nd meeting of stakeholders and
research experts including KALRO crop virologists
when MLND continued to spread
KEPHIS implemented an agreed upon intervention of
1% MLND infection tolerance.
Seed crops rejected at more than 1% infection and
roguing at less than 1% MLND infection.
All seeds iregardless of infection/approval was sampled
for MLND tests at PQBS.
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Latest Interventions by KEPHIS
2014-15 Season
Regulatory standards proposed for inclusion in the amended
Seeds and Plants Varieties (Seeds) regulations.
KEPHIS with agreement of key stakeholders is implementing
“new” field standards.
KEPHIS implementing an agreed intervention of 1% MLND
infection tolerance in the field.
Seed crops rejected at more than 1% infection and
mandatory roguing at less than 1% MLND infection.
All seeds regardless of infection/approval are sampled for
MLND tests at PQBS. Seed sampling done before
processing to allow for disposal of rejected seed as grain
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Latest Interventions by KEPHIS
2015-16 Season
Current interventions cont’
• The use of LAMP to replace PCR
Lower costs, faster sample analysis
• Supporting private laboratories in
MLND testing
participated in Interlaboratory testing with
one private lab in Kenya
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Current interventions cont’ Testing the
LAMP assay
for MCMV
Testing the Immuno–strip and
ELISA assay for MCMV
Inspectors in the field
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A seed Inspector in the field
A devastated seed field
Diagnostics is the KEY to a robust plant health
regulatory system. Without it all others don’t
mean much. 20
Good interplay between sectors in phytosanitary regulation
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THANK YOU
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