Climate change in the North Atlantic: Selection and local adaptation on the rocky shore

Climate changeSelection and local adaptation on the rocky shore

Jüterbock A. Coyer J.A. Kollias S.Olsen J.L. Fernandes J. Hoarau G.

Alexander.Juterbock@uin.no

1st Joint Congress on Evolutionary Biology,Ottawa 2012

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 1 / 14

Introduction

Human impact on marine ecosystems

IC

[Halpern et al., 2010; Science]

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 2 / 14

Introduction

Recent warming in the North Atlantic

Shift of the 15℃ isotherm

330 km north1985 2000

[McMahon & Hays, 2006; Global Change Biol.]

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 3 / 14

Introduction

Main objective

Climate change impact on

North Atlantic rocky shores?

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 4 / 14

Introduction

Fucus serratus, habitat-provisioning

on North Atlantic rocky shores2200

IPCC scenario (A1B) projection

2000

thermal range (10℃ summer to 15℃ winter isotherm)current distribution

[Fredriksen et al., 2005; Mar. Biol. Res.],algal frond: [Køie et al., 2001; Der große Kosmos Strandführer].

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 5 / 14

Introduction

Fucus serratus, habitat-provisioning

on North Atlantic rocky shores2200

IPCC scenario (A1B) projection

2000

thermal range (10℃ summer to 15℃ winter isotherm)current distribution

[Fredriksen et al., 2005; Mar. Biol. Res.],algal frond: [Køie et al., 2001; Der große Kosmos Strandführer].

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 5 / 14

Introduction

Recent changes in southern edge

populations of F. serratus

1999

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 6 / 14

Introduction

Recent changes in southern edge

populations of F. serratus

1999

2010

90% abundance decline

Reduced reproductivecapacity[Viejo et al., 2011; Ecography]

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 6 / 14

Introduction

Recent changes in southern edge

populations of F. serratus

1999

2010

90% abundance decline

Reduced reproductivecapacity[Viejo et al., 2011; Ecography]

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 6 / 14

Objectives

Specific aims

Local adaptation?

Climate change beyond thermal tolerance?

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 7 / 14

Objectives

Specific aims

Local adaptation?

Climate change beyond thermal tolerance?

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 7 / 14

Objectives

Specific aims

Local adaptation?

Climate change beyond thermal tolerance?

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 7 / 14

Heat-stress experiments

Sampling sites of

algae in 2011

Norway

Denmark

FranceSpain

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 8 / 14

Heat-stress experiments

Experimental setupAcclimatization for >4 weeks

9℃16:8 h light:dark cycle

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 9 / 14

Heat-stress experiments

Experimental setupCommon-garden heat-stress experiments

Heat-stress

> 6 ind./pop.

20℃–36℃1h Stress 24h Recovery

T (°C)

Time

Measurements

Photosynthetic response: FluorometerChange in performance

Transcriptomic response: real-time PCR

HSP70 Repair: Protein refolding, degradation

HSP90 Repair: Protein refolding, degradation

sHSP Protection: protein stabilization

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 9 / 14

Heat-stress experiments

Experimental setupCommon-garden heat-stress experiments

Heat-stress

> 6 ind./pop.

20℃–36℃1h Stress 24h Recovery

T (°C)

Time

Measurements

Photosynthetic response: FluorometerChange in performance

Transcriptomic response: real-time PCR

HSP70 Repair: Protein refolding, degradation

HSP90 Repair: Protein refolding, degradation

sHSP Protection: protein stabilization

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 9 / 14

Heat-stress experiments

Experimental setupCommon-garden heat-stress experiments

Heat-stress

> 6 ind./pop.

20℃–36℃1h Stress 24h Recovery

T (°C)

Time

Measurements

Photosynthetic response: FluorometerChange in performance

Transcriptomic response: real-time PCR

HSP70 Repair: Protein refolding, degradation

HSP90 Repair: Protein refolding, degradation

sHSP Protection: protein stabilization

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 9 / 14

Heat-stress experiments

Photosynthetic response

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 ℃

Tested temperature range

Norway

Denmark

France

Spain

stress without recoverystress with recovery

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 10 / 14

Heat-stress experiments

Photosynthetic response

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 ℃

Tested temperature range

Norway

Denmark

France

Spain

stress without recoverystress with recovery

Local adaptation

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 10 / 14

Heat-stress experiments

Photosynthetic response

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 ℃

Tested temperature range

Thermal range in 2000Norway

Denmark

France

Spain

stress without recoverystress with recovery

Local adaptation

sst meansst range

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 10 / 14

Heat-stress experiments

Photosynthetic response

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 ℃

Tested temperature range

Thermal range in 2000Norway

Denmark

France

Spain

stress without recoverystress with recovery

Local adaptation

broadest thermal range highest tolerance limit

sst meansst range

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 10 / 14

Heat-stress experiments

Photosynthetic response

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 ℃

Tested temperature range

Norway

Denmark

France

Spain

stress without recoverystress with recovery

Thermal range in 2200

sst meansst range

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 10 / 14

Heat-stress experiments

Photosynthetic response

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 ℃

Tested temperature range

Norway

Denmark

France

Spain

stress without recoverystress with recovery

Thermal range in 2200Stress

sst meansst range

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 10 / 14

Heat-stress experiments

Photosynthetic response

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 ℃

Tested temperature range

Norway

Denmark

France

Spain

stress without recoverystress with recovery

Thermal range in 2200Stress

Stress limit reached at the southern range

sst meansst range

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 10 / 14

Heat-stress experiments

Transcriptomic responseHSP expression at 28℃

NorwayFranceSpain

HSP 70

HSP 90

sHSP

* *

*: p 6 0.05

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 11 / 14

Heat-stress experiments

Transcriptomic responseHSP expression at 28℃

NorwayFranceSpain

HSP 70

HSP 90

sHSP

* *

*: p 6 0.05

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 11 / 14

Heat-stress experiments

Transcriptomic responseHSP expression at 28℃

NorwayFranceSpain

HSP 70

HSP 90

sHSP

* *

*: p 6 0.05

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 11 / 14

Heat-stress experiments

Transcriptomic responseHSP expression at 28℃

NorwayFranceSpain

HSP 70

HSP 90

sHSP

* *

*: p 6 0.05

Spain: Adaptation toheat-stress?contradicts

[Pearson et al., 2009; Jour. Ecol.]

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 11 / 14

Conclusions

Conclusions

Final outcome

Local adaptation?Yes. Photosynthetic response: related to temperaturevariabilityNo. Transcriptomic response: Local adaptation in Spain

Climate change beyond thermal tolerance?Yes. Photosynthetic response: at the southern range.

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 12 / 14

Conclusions

Conclusions

Final outcome

Local adaptation?Yes. Photosynthetic response: related to temperaturevariabilityNo. Transcriptomic response: Local adaptation in Spain

Climate change beyond thermal tolerance?Yes. Photosynthetic response: at the southern range.

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 12 / 14

Conclusions

Conclusions

Final outcome

Local adaptation?Yes. Photosynthetic response: related to temperaturevariabilityNo. Transcriptomic response: Local adaptation in Spain

Climate change beyond thermal tolerance?Yes. Photosynthetic response: at the southern range.

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 12 / 14

Conclusions

Conclusions

Final outcome

Local adaptation?Yes. Photosynthetic response: related to temperaturevariabilityNo. Transcriptomic response: Local adaptation in Spain

Climate change beyond thermal tolerance?Yes. Photosynthetic response: at the southern range.

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 12 / 14

Conclusions

Conclusions

Final outcome

Local adaptation?Yes. Photosynthetic response: related to temperaturevariabilityNo. Transcriptomic response: Local adaptation in Spain

Climate change beyond thermal tolerance?Yes. Photosynthetic response: at the southern range.

Future plans

Long-term heatwave experiment

Whole-transcriptome response

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 12 / 14

Conclusions

Overall conclusion

Climate change driven

ecosystem shift?

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 13 / 14

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

Irina SmolinaMark PowellRenate Fretheim KarlsenHeidi Klæboe Nilsen

Randi Restad SjøvikFrans AllmendingenTor Ove DypingBjørnar Eggen

Kaspar KlaudiussenSteinar JohnsonMorten Krogstad

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 14 / 14

Appendix

5 Appendix

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 1 / 6

Appendix

References I

Fredriksen, S.; Christie, H.; Saethre, B.A. (2005)Species richness in macroalgae and macrofaunaassemblages on Fucus serratus L. (Phaeophyceae)and Zostera marina L. (Angiospermae) in Skagerrak,Norway.Marine Biology Research 1(1):2–19.

Halpern, B.S.; Walbridge, S.; Selkoe, K.A.; Kappel,C.V.; Micheli, F.; D’Agrosa, C.; Bruno, J.F.; Casey,K.S.; Ebert, C.; Fox, H.E. and others (2010)A global map of human impact on marine ecosystemsScience 319(5856):948–952.

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 2 / 6

Appendix

References II

Hoarau, G.; Coyer, J.A.; Veldsink, J.H.; Stam, W.T.;Olsen, J.L. (2007)Glacial refugia and recolonization pathways in thebrown seaweed Fucus serratus

Molecular Ecology 16(17):3606–3616.

Køie, M.; Kristiansen, A.; Weitemeyer, S. (2001)Der große Kosmos Strandführer.Kosmos.

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 3 / 6

Appendix

References III

McMahon, C.R. & Hays, G.C. (2006)Thermal niche, large-scale movements andimplications of climate change for a criticallyendangered marine vertebrate.Global Change Biology 12(7):1330–1338.

Pearson, G.A.; Lago-Leston, A.; Mota, C. (2009)Frayed at the edges: selective pressure and adaptiveresponse to abiotic stressors are mismatched in lowdiversity edge populations.Journal of Ecology 97(3):450–462.

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 4 / 6

Appendix

References IV

Phillips, S.J.; Anderson, R.P.; Schapire, R.E. (2006)Maximum entropy modeling of species geographicdistributions.Ecological Modelling190(3-4):231–259.

Tyberghein, L.; Verbruggen, H.; Pauly, K.; Troupin,C.; Mineur, F.; De Clerck, O. (2011)Bio-ORACLE: a global environmental dataset formarine species distribution modelling.Global Ecology and Biogeography.

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 5 / 6

Appendix

References V

Viejo, R.M.; Martínez, B.; Arrontes, J.; Astudillo, C.;Hernández, L. (2011)Reproductive patterns in central and marginalpopulations of a large brown seaweed: drasticchanges at the southern range limit.Ecography 34(1):75–84.

Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 6 / 6