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Welcome to our PresentationOn
Major Theories Of Leadership
Jadid khanID:015Elora
IbrahimID:031
AshrafulAlam
ID:010
Farah Amira
ID:025Tuhin ParvesID:005
What is Leadership?
Leadership is the way to direct people towards achieving definite goals of an organization.
Theories Of LeadershipLeadership theories can be defined in many ways but we will be discussing about the following leadership theories.
1. Trait Theory of Leadership2. Situational/Contingency Theory of
Leadership3. Behavioral Thoery of Leadership4. Path Goal Theory5. Charismatic Leadership Theory6. Transformational Theory
This theory was described by Kelly 1974. it was an attempt to classify what personal characteristics such as physical, mental and relating to personality are associated with the success of leadership.
Trait Theory
Many researchers have suggested these traits in a successful leader:• Intelligence• Physiological factors• Emotional stability• Intense inner motivational drive• Human relations attitude• Vision and foresight• Empathy• Fairness and objectivity• Technical skills• Open mind and adaptability• Art of communication• Social skills
Trait’s of a Leader
Situational/Contingency Theory of Leadership
Other name is Life cycle theory of Leadership. The general belief of the Situational Theory is Leaders are product of real
situation rather than gifts of nature. It was developed in the early 1960’s by Dr. Ken Blanchard and Dr.Paul Harsey. It focuses on leadership on situation. Different situation demands different types of leadership.
The recent and well-known contingency theory of leadership may be discussed as:1.Fielder’s contingency theory.2.Harsey and Blanchard’s theory of leadership.
Fielder’s Contingency Theory
A Behavioral Theory based on the views that there is no “one best way” to lead an organization.
Also known as “It’s all depends” theory.
Situational Favourableness determined by 3 factors.They are :
1. Leader-Member Relationship: Level of trust and confidence that a team has in a leader.
2. Task Structure: The type of task a team is doing – clear and structured.3. Position Power: The amount of power a leader has to direct the group and
provide reward/punishment.
1. Telling (high-task-low relationship): the leader defines roles and tells people what, how, when, and where to do various tasks. It emphasizes direct behavior.
2. Selling (high-task high relationship): the leader provides both supportive as well as directive behavior.
3. Participating (low-task-high relationship): the leader and follower share in decision making, with the main role of the leader being facilitating and communicating.
4. Delegating (low-task-low relationship): the leader provides little direction and support.
Hersey & Balanchard’s Situational Model
Behavioral Theory of Leadership
Theories proposing that specific behaviours diffentiate leaders from nonleaders.
Goals:
Develop Leaders
Behavioral Approach
Ohio State Studies
University of Michigun
• Initiate structure• Consideration
• Production Orientation• Employee Orientation
Ohio State Studies
Initiate Structure• Define and Structure role and
Jobs
Consideration
The extent to which a leader is likely to have a job relationships characterised by• Mutual trust• Respect for subordinates ideas• Regard for his/her feelings
University of Michigun Studies
Employee-oriented Leader
Emphasising Interpersonal Relations• Taking the personal interests in the need of employee• Accepting individual differences among members
Production oriented leader
Emphasize on technical or task aspects of the job
Assumptions• Leaders can be trained• Leaders are effective because of actions they take
Implications• Activities of effective Leaders
Limitations• Situational Factors are ignored• Leaders need to be flexible• Effective behaviors do not generalize across sitiations
Path Goal Theory
The Path-Goal model is a theory based on specifying a leader's style or behavior that best fits the employee and work environment in order to achieve a goal (House, Mitchell, 1974). The goal is to increase your employees' motivation, empowerment, and satisfaction so they become productive members of the organization.
Keys: Directive leadership Supportive leadership Participate leadership Achievement oriented leadership
Path Goal Theory Con’td
While Path-Goal Theory is not a detailed process, it generally follows these basic steps as shown in the graphic below:1. Determine the employee and environmental
characteristics2. Select a leadership style3. Focus on motivational factors that will help the
employee succeed
Charismatic Leadership
Charisma is a certain quality of an individual personality,by virtue of which he is set apart from ordinary men and treated as endowed with supernatural,superhuman or at least specifically exceptional powers or qualities.
Qualities of a Charismatic Leader
Some prominent qualities of a charismatic leader as follows: Vision Speech High principles Emotional sensitivity Personality Charisma
Transformational Leadership Theory
Transformational Leadership is a leadership style where one or more person engage with others in such a way that leaders and followers raise one another to higher level of motivation and morality.
Components of transformational Leadership
1.IDEALIZED INFLUENCE 2.INSPIRATIONAL MOTIVATION 3.INDIVIDUALIZED CONSIDERATION 4.INTELLECTUAL STIMULATION
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