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John Girard's talk for KM Russia 2014 in which he explores the relationship between knowledge management and big data through the lens of technology, leadership and culture
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www.johngirard.net john@johngirard.net 1
John P. Girard, Ph.D.
Slides availab
le at: ���
www.johngirard.n
et/1595
Technology, Leadership and Culture
www.johngirard.net john@johngirard.net 2
Defending Knowledge Management
Big Data = KM by another name?
www.johngirard.net john@johngirard.net 3
Big Data is Everywhere
Is Big Data New?
www.google.com/trends/
Teradata, 1991
www.johngirard.net john@johngirard.net 4
www.Onyurl.com/GirardBD
Prairie Business Magazine, 7(1) -‐ 2008
Is data mining synonymous with
Big Data?
No. Big Data is the data set (or asset).
Data mining is the process (or handler).
Big Data: Russia
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The History of Big Data
Informa(on Overload
Informa(on overload occurs when the amount of input to a system exceeds its processing capacity. (Speier et al, 1999)
Informa(on Overload
Informa(on overload is that state in which available, and poten(ally useful, informa(on is a hindrance rather than a help. (Bawden, 2001)
Personal Informa(on Overload
A percep-on on the part of the individual (or observers of that person) that the flow of informa(on associated with work tasks is greater than can be managed effec(vely. (Wilson, 2001)
Organiza(onal Informa(on Overload
A situa(on in which the extent of perceived informa(on overload is sufficiently widespread within an organiza(on as to reduce the overall effec(veness of management opera(ons.(Wilson, 2001)
Overload is not new!
The Roman Philosopher Seneca worried about informaOon overload nearly 2,000 years before it was cool. “What is the point of having countless books and libraries whose Otles the owner could scarcely read through in a whole lifeOme?” he wondered.
Michael Grunwald @MikeGrunwald Aug. 28, 2014
www.johngirard.net john@johngirard.net 6
The History of Big Data
2/3 of managers complained of Informa(on overload (KPMG, 2000)
38% of the surveyed managers waste a substan(al amount of (me loca(ng informa(on (Wilson, 2001)
Managers “dwell on informaOon that is entertaining but not informaOve, or easily available but not of high quality” (Linden, 2001)
43% of the managers delayed decisions because of too much informa(on. (Wilson, 2001)
The total accumulated codified database of the world, which includes all books and all electronic files, doubles every seven years and some predict this will double twice a day by 2010 (BonOs, 2000).
What we knew a decade ago:
The History of Big Data
www.johngirard.net john@johngirard.net 7
What is knowledge?
knowledge is "defined broadly to include information, data, communication and culture”
(p. 293)
Communication
Data
Information
Culture
Knowledge:
Concepts, experience, and insight that provide a framework for creating, evaluating and using information (p. 373).
Defining Knowledge Management
hep://www.johngirard.net/km
www.johngirard.net john@johngirard.net 8
KM 1.0 (According to John)
Knowledge
Information
Data
Data to Information
• Context • Categorize • Calculate • Correct • Condense
Information to Knowledge
• Compare • Consequences • Connects • Conversation
Types of Knowledge: Did we get the balance right?
Michael Polanyi
Easier to replicate
Leads to competency
Harder to articulate
Harder to transfer
Harder to steal Higher competitive
advantage
Contributes to efficiency
Easier to document and share
20%
80%
Explicit
Tacit Carla O’Dell
O’Dell, C. (2002, May). Knowledge Management New Generation. Presented at the APQC’s 7th Knowledge Conference, Washington, DC.
www.johngirard.net john@johngirard.net 9
KM 2.0
Ikujiro Nonaka
Socializ
ation Externalization
Interna
lization C
ombination
TACIT
EXPLIC
IT
EXPLICIT
TACIT
Inukshuk: Knowledge Management Model
Foun
datio
n
Leadership
Tech
nolo
gy
Culture
Internalization
Socialization Externalization
Combination Pro
cess
Tacit Knowledge Explicit Knowledge
Measurement
Socializ
ation Externalization
Interna
lization C
ombination
TACIT
EXPLIC
IT
EXPLICIT
TACIT
www.johngirard.net john@johngirard.net 10
What do decision-‐makers want?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lH39xjXaLW8
Impact of Culture
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Tribal Leadership
hep://www.triballeadership.net/what-‐is-‐tribal-‐leadership/diagnosing-‐culture
TLC: Leadership
Including Ray Downey, Special Operations Command lost 95 men that day – totaling 1,600 years of experience. (emphasis added)
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Open Leadership
Respect that your customers and employees have
power.
Share constantly to build trust.
Nurture curiosity and humility.
Hold openness accountable. Forgive failure.
http://www.charleneli.com/resources/new-‐rules/
Openness Audit
http://www.slideshare.net/charleneli/openness-‐audit
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What did the leaders need?
“. . . there are known knowns; there are things we know that we know. There are known unknowns; that is to say there are things that we now know we don’t know. But there are also unknown unknowns — there are things that we do not know we don't know.”
Knowns and Unknowns
Unknown Knowns
Unknown Unknowns
Known Knowns
Known Unknowns
Comp Intell
HP
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According to the plan …
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocqB6_y71xE
What is the most planned personal event?
Weddings
The Cogni(ve Hierarchy
Knowledge
Information
Data
Ackoff’s Apex Wisdom
Understanding
Knowledge
Seek Wisdom not Knowledge (KM 2.5?)
www.johngirard.net john@johngirard.net 15
Big Data – Some DefiniOons
A term coined to reflect very large and very complex data sets. (Sultanow & Chircu, 2015)
Big data is a term for any collecOon of large and complex data sets that it becomes difficult to process. (Gordon, 2015)
Data set that is beyond the capacity of relaOonal database applicaOons. (Joseph, 2015)
Term for a collecOon of large and complex data sets that it becomes difficult to process with tradiOonal tools. (Klepac & Berg, 2015)
Large Complex DifXicult
Strategic Data-‐based Wisdom in the Big Data Era
Complex: A DefiniOon
Large Complex DifXicult
“a group of obviously related units of which the degree and nature of the relaOonship is imperfectly known”
www.johngirard.net john@johngirard.net 16
Knowledge ApplicaOon = KM 3.0
Knowledge
Information
Data
Wisdom
Understanding
Knowledge
Know
ledge
Cre
ation
“With 3,600 stores in the United States and roughly 100 million customers walking through the doors each week, Wal-Mart has access to information about a broad slice of America . . . The data are gathered item by item at the checkout aisle, then recorded, mapped and updated by store, by state, by region . . . By its own account Wal-Mart has 460 terabytes of data.”
14 November 2004
Hurricane
An Example
www.johngirard.net john@johngirard.net 17
Big Data is Global and MulOdisciplinary
www.google.com/trends/
Big Data is NOT just technology
www.google.com/trends/
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Focus on the desired business end state …
The right technology
Branson’s secret weapon is carrying an old-‐fashioned notebook with him everywhere he goes.
www.johngirard.net john@johngirard.net 19
Big Data
hep://melmeric.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/big-‐data-‐and-‐the-‐web.pdf
Size (and growth) Maeers
hep://www.domo.com/learn/data-‐never-‐sleeps-‐2
2011 2013
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It is NOT just about size
http://www.domo.com/
Size is not measured in terabytes but rather business
processes
#8 -‐ The Size of Big Data
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B27SpLOOhWw
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CEO: How much data do we need?
http://www.computerworlduk.com/news/infrastructure/3433595/boeing-‐787s-‐create-‐half-‐terabyte-‐of-‐data-‐per-‐Xlight-‐says-‐virgin-‐atlantic/
The History of Big Data
2/3 of managers complained of Informa(on overload (KPMG, 2000)
38% of the surveyed managers waste a substan(al amount of (me loca(ng informa(on (Wilson, 2001)
Managers “dwell on informaOon that is entertaining but not informaOve, or easily available but not of high quality” (Linden, 2001)
43% of the managers delayed decisions because of too much informa(on. (Wilson, 2001)
The total accumulated codified database of the world, which includes all books and all electronic files, doubles every seven years and some predict this will double twice a day by 2010 (BonOs, 2000).
What we knew a decade ago:
www.johngirard.net john@johngirard.net 22
Is Big Data owned by the CIO?
The CIO’s task is to help the CEO/COO see …
www.johngirard.net john@johngirard.net 23
What do you think?
KM 3.0
www.johngirard.net john@johngirard.net 24
Slides available at: www.johngirard.net/1595
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