Austin Journal of Clinical Cardiology

congenital HEART

DISEASE

CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

A Congenital Heart Disease(CHD), also known as a congenital heart anomaly or congenital heart defect, is a problem in the structure of the heart that is present at birth. Congenital heart disease is one of the most common types of birth defects, affecting up to 9 in every 1,000 babies born.

CLASSIFICATIONAccording to arterial oxygen saturation congenital heart diseases are classified into two main categories:

Acyanotic CHD- Normal arterial oxygen saturationCyanotic CHD- Reduced arterial oxygen saturated

VARIOUS ACYANOTIC CHD

Ventricular septal defect(VSD)Atrial septal defect(ASD)Patent ductus arteriosus()PSDCoarctation of aortaPulmonary stenosis

VARIOUS CYANOTIC CHD

Tetrology of fallotTransposition of great arteriesTricuspid atresiaTruncus arteriosusTotal anomalies pulmonary venous drainageHypoplastic left or right heart

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CHD85 to 90% of cases, there is no identifiable

cause for the heart defect. Generally considered to be caused by the multifactorial inheritance.

Factors are usually both genetic and environmental, where a combination of genes from both parents.

Maternal factors.

SYMPTOMSPoor feedingLow birth weightDizzinessExcessive sweatingSwelling in the hands,Ankles or feet

TREATMENTThis is depend on the type of the C.H.D.No treatment (observation and reassurance)Surgical treatment (palliative or curative).Cardiac transplant or lung heart transplantMedical treatment (antifailure, antiarythmaic etc.,)Artificial heart valves

Chest X-Ray EchocardiographyCardiac catheterizationEchocardiographySystolic pulmonary flow murmur

DIAGNOSIS

Avoid pregnancy above age of 38 year.Avoid smoking.Avoid alcohol.Avoid exposure to radiation.Avoid drugs intake before medical consultation.Vaccination of all childbearing women for rubella.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

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