Immunization or vaccination of children

Immunization

BY,

KAVYA 1ST YEAR MSC NURSING

Objectives

define Immunization

describe ideal vaccine

list the national immunization schedule

enumerate the Contraindication of immunization

explains the follow up conditions

states the responsibilities of nurses

Immunization

It’s the way of protecting the human body against

infectious diseases through vaccination.

BCG

1. Content : Viable bovine mycobacteria

2. Storage : 2-8 degree Celsius, Protect from light

3. DoseRoute Site : 0.1 ml ID Left Deltoid

4. Schedule : Single dose at birth

5. Major adverse effect : Axillary lymphadenils

6. Contraindication : Cellular immunodeficiency

Should not be given with measles and MMR

Oral polio vaccine

1. Content : OPV Sabin strain

2. Storage : 2-8 degree Celsius

3. DoseRoute Site : 2drops Oral

4. Schedule : Birth, 6,10,14 weeks

5. Major adverse effect : VAPP

6. Contraindication : immunodeficiency

Measles

1. Content : Edmonston Zagreb strains of measles virus

2. Storage : 2-8 degree Celsius, Protect from light

3. DoseRoute Site : 0.5 ml S/c Thigh / deltoid

4. Schedule : Single dose at 9 months

5. Major adverse effect : Rarely thrombocytopenia

6. Contraindication : Immunodeficiency or pregnancy

Rubella

1. Content : Strains of rubella virus

2. Storage : 2-8 degree Celsius

3. DoseRoute Site : 0.5 ml S/c Thigh / deltoid

4. Schedule : As MMR preferred

5. Major adverse effect : Rarely arthritis less than 5%

6. Contraindication : Immunodeficiency or pregnancy

Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR)

1. Content :Edmonston Zagreb strains of measles virus Strains of

rubella virus and urate strain mumps

2. Storage : 2-8 degree Celsius, Protect from light

3. DoseRoute Site : 0.5 ml S/c Thigh / deltoid

4. Schedule : 15-18 months

5. Major adverse effect : Aseptic parotid swelling and aseptic

meningitis

6. Contraindication : Immunodeficiency or pregnancy

Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)

1. Content : Salk strain

2. Storage : 2-8 degree Celsius

3. DoseRoute Site : 0.5 ml IM or S/c Deltoid

4. Schedule : 6,10,14 weeks

5. Major adverse effect : nill

6. Contraindication : Serious hypersensitivity

Diphtheria Tetanus Pertussis (DPT)

1. Content : Diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, purified pertussis

antigens

2. Storage : 2-8 degree Celsius, Protect from light

3. DoseRoute Site : 0.5 ml IM Thigh

4. Schedule : 6,10,14 weeks,

Booster at 15-18 month and 5 year

5. Major adverse effect : High fever,

Excessive crying, seizure

6. Contraindication : Serious hypersensitivity

Tetanus Toxoid (TT)

1. Content : TT tetanus toxoid

2. Storage : 2-8 degree Celsius

3. DoseRoute Site : 0.5 ml IM Thigh / Deltoid

4. Schedule At 10 year age and every 10 And in pregnancy

5. Major adverse effect : High fever, Excessive crying, seizure

6. Contraindication : Serious hypersensitivity

Hepatitis B

1. Content : H2 strains

2. Storage : 2-8 degree Celsius

3. DoseRoute Site : 0.5 ml IM Thigh / deltoid

4. Schedule : 6,10,14 weeks

5. Major adverse effect : nill

6. Contraindication : Serious hypersensitivity

Hib

1. Content : PRP or HbOC

2. Storage : 2-8 degree Celsius

3. DoseRoute Site : 0.5 ml IM Thigh / deltoid

4. Schedule : 6,10,14 weeks, Booster at 15-18 month

5. Major adverse effect : nill

6. Contraindication : Serious hypersensitivity

Contraindication of

immunization

1. Child has a high fever

2. He has had a bad reaction to

another immunization

3. He has had a severe reaction

after eating eggs

4. Having treatment of cancer

5. He has any illness which affects

immune system (HIV)

Which is the ideal vaccine

• Promotes effective immunity

• Controls lifelong protection

• Safe, do not carry side

effects

• Stable, cheap

• Acceptance by public

National immunization schedule

Age Schedule

At birth BCG,OPV 0 , HBV 0

6 weeks DPT 1, OPV1, HBV1*, HiB1*

10 weeks DPT2, OPV2, HBV2*, HiB2*

14 weeks DPT 3, OPV3, HBV3*, HiB3*

9 months Measles, vitamin A

15 months MMR

16-24 months DPTB1,OPV B 1 and vitamin A2

5 years DPT B2

10 years and 16 years TT

Follow up

Report immediately if

Persistent inconsolable

screaming (>3 hours )

High fever

Local infection

Pus at site

Seizures

Nurses responsibility

Providing immunization to all children

Using safe injection practice

Involving community leaders to attract people for immunization

Collaborating with school

Collaborating with other health professionals in conducting camps.

Home visit and follow up of immunized children.

Conclusion

Universal coverage of

immunization would

be able to protect the

children from the six

killer diseases.

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