ICAWC 2014 - The Itchy Dog & Cat - David Grant

The itchy dog and catThe itchy dog and catFleas and sarcoptic mangeFleas and sarcoptic mange

Diagnosis and treatmentDiagnosis and treatment

David Grant MBE B.Vet.Med Cert. SAD. David Grant MBE B.Vet.Med Cert. SAD. FRCVSFRCVS

Main causes of Main causes of pruritus(itch)in dogs and pruritus(itch)in dogs and

catscatsFleasFleas

Other parasites such as Sarcoptes scabiei var Other parasites such as Sarcoptes scabiei var canis, ear mites, Cheyletiella, licecanis, ear mites, Cheyletiella, lice

Allergies to pollen, house dust mite(Atopy)Allergies to pollen, house dust mite(Atopy)

Allergies to foodAllergies to food

Bacteria and Yeast(Malassezia) infectionBacteria and Yeast(Malassezia) infection

The cat flea Ctenocephalides The cat flea Ctenocephalides felis felis(very felis felis(very

succesful,clever)succesful,clever)

Pre-emerged adult fleaPre-emerged adult flea

TRIGGER FACTORS FOR EMERGENCE TRIGGER FACTORS FOR EMERGENCE OF FLEASOF FLEAS

VibrationVibration

Light variation from moving objectLight variation from moving object

WarmthWarmth

Carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide

Triggers induce very rapid emergence and jumping Triggers induce very rapid emergence and jumping

FLEA JUMP RECORDSFLEA JUMP RECORDS

Maximum Length-45 cmMaximum Length-45 cm

Maximum Height-25 cmMaximum Height-25 cm

Flea bite hypersensitivity-Flea bite hypersensitivity-typical sitetypical site

Miliary dermatitis in a cat due Miliary dermatitis in a cat due to flea bite hypersensitivityto flea bite hypersensitivity

Symmetrical alopecia due to Symmetrical alopecia due to flea bite hypersensitivityflea bite hypersensitivity

FLEA CONTROL AIMS OF FLEA CONTROL AIMS OF TREATMENTTREATMENT

• Kill all the fleas on all the animals in a Kill all the fleas on all the animals in a householdhousehold

• Use licensed product (spot-on, tablet)Use licensed product (spot-on, tablet)• Follow manufacturer’s instructions-usually Follow manufacturer’s instructions-usually

monthly treatment(advise first day each monthly treatment(advise first day each month) and by doing this…….month) and by doing this…….

• Prevent build up of fleas in the housePrevent build up of fleas in the house

FLEA CONTROL PRODUCTSFLEA CONTROL PRODUCTS

Fipronil was the first modern spot Fipronil was the first modern spot on(Frontline). There are lots of genericson(Frontline). There are lots of generics

Other spot ons. There are new ones coming Other spot ons. There are new ones coming out all the timeout all the time

Beef flavoured tablets –helps with complianceBeef flavoured tablets –helps with compliance

They all work well if you follow instructions.They all work well if you follow instructions.

Female Sarcoptes scabiei Female Sarcoptes scabiei mitemite

Sarcoptes adult and larva x100Sarcoptes adult and larva x100

Sarcoptes eggs and faecal Sarcoptes eggs and faecal pelletspellets

Facial lesions of canine scabies Facial lesions of canine scabies It’s the most itchy skin conditionIt’s the most itchy skin condition

Same dog as previous slide with Same dog as previous slide with severe typical pinna lesionssevere typical pinna lesions

Canine scabies -excoriationCanine scabies -excoriation

Fatal case of canine scabiesFatal case of canine scabies

Fatal case of fox scabiesFatal case of fox scabies

Human lesions of canine scabiesHuman lesions of canine scabies

SCABIES -TREATMENTSCABIES -TREATMENT

Selamectin (Stronghold). Spot-on applied monthly x 3. Selamectin (Stronghold). Spot-on applied monthly x 3. LicensedLicensed

Moxidectin(Advocate) Spot on applied every 2 weeks x 3. Moxidectin(Advocate) Spot on applied every 2 weeks x 3. LicensedLicensed

Lime sulphur 2-3% shampoo weekly x 4 weeks. Licensed. Also Lime sulphur 2-3% shampoo weekly x 4 weeks. Licensed. Also licensed islicensed is

Amitraz(Aludex) 250 ppm dip weekly x 5. Amitraz(Aludex) 250 ppm dip weekly x 5.

(Ivermectin 0.2 mg/kg s/c weekly x (Ivermectin 0.2 mg/kg s/c weekly x 3 3 N.B. Not N.B. Not licensed)licensed)

Canine scabies treatmentCanine scabies treatment

After 6 weeks treatmentAfter 6 weeks treatment

After 12 weeksAfter 12 weeks

Notoedric mange –Czech Notoedric mange –Czech RepublicRepublic

SUMMARYSUMMARY

FLEA BITE FLEA BITE HYPERSENSITIVITYHYPERSENSITIVITY

Not difficult to recogniseNot difficult to recognise

Lesions along the dorsumLesions along the dorsum

Fleas often difficult to findFleas often difficult to find

Quite difficult to treat there Quite difficult to treat there may be poor compliancemay be poor compliance

Many good products Many good products

SARCOPTIC MANGE(SCABIES)SARCOPTIC MANGE(SCABIES)

Easily missedEasily missed

Starts around the earsStarts around the ears

Mites difficult to findMites difficult to find

Progresses to Progresses to very very itchyitchy

Easy to treat although Easy to treat although advantageous if vet/nurse applies advantageous if vet/nurse applies

the productthe product

Use licensed product Use licensed product