Bones of the pelvic girdle

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Bones of the Pelvic GirdleE.C. – Movement Analysis• Movement of your choice• 1 pg single-spaced• Points awarded based on accuracy and complexity

Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle

Pelvis 3 fused bones: the ilium, ischium and

pubis

Sacrum Articulates with the pelvic bone, and is

made up of fused vertebrae

Femur The longest bone in the body

Fusion of these bones

Ilium

Iliac crest ASIS, AIIS, PSIS,

PIIS Iliac fossa

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Pubis Pubic

symphysis Superior ramus Inferior ramus

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Ischium

Ischial tuberosity

Ischial spine

Function of Pelvic GirdleIlium, Ischium, and Pubis

Supports BW Serves as the “base” Attachment site of many muscles Efficient movements (LE) Balance & equilibrium

Bones of the Hip Femur

Proximal end Head Neck Trochanters

Acetabulum Acetabulofem

oral joint Obturator

foramen

Acetabulofemoral joint

Pubic Symphisis

Sacroiliac Joints

Head

Neck

Greater trochanter

Lesser trochanter

Gluteal tuberosity

Pelvic Girdle Joints1. Pubic symphysis

Pubis & pubis

2. Sacroilliac joint Sacrum & ilium

Lumbosacral joint Lumbar & Sacrum

Sacrococcygeal joint

Sacroiliac Joint

Slightly moveable Transmits BW to

pelvis Subject to loads (GRF)

Strongest ligaments in body

Movement varies due to sex & individual diff

Sacroiliac Joint: Sex Differences

Males Thicker &

stronger ligaments

No mobility Females

More mobility & laxity

Monthly hormones impact laxity

Sacroiliac (SI) Joint

Pelvic Girdle Motions

• Anterior rotation

• Movement of the upper pelvis in anterior

fashion; the iliac crest tilts forward (anterior

tilt). Trunk extension, hip flexion

• Posterior rotation

• Movement of the upper pelvis in posterior

fashion; the iliac crest tilts backward (posterior

tilt). Trunk flexion, hip extension

Pelvic Girdle Movements

ANTERIOR PELVIC ROTATION

POSTERIOR PELVIC ROTATION

Pelvic Girdle Motions

• Lateral tilt (right and left)

• Example (right): the right ilium moves downward

in the frontal plane in relation to the left ilium.

Combination of lateral flexion of trunk,

adduction of left hip and abduction of right hip

• Right and left transverse rotation • Example: left: The pelvis rotates left in the

transverse plane. The left iliac crest moves posteriorly in relation to the right iliac crest

Lateral Tilt

Pelvic Girdle Movements

LEFT LATERAL PELVIC TILT RIGHT TRANSVERSE PELVIC ROTATION

Actions of the Acetabulofemoral Joint

The pelvic girdle is a highly moveable, relatively stable joint

The hip joint, although freely moveable, is not as stable as

the pelvic girdle because it does not contain as many stable,

bony joints

• Flexion• Movement of the femur straight anteriorly in the sagittal

plane

• Extension• Movement of the femur straight posteriorly in the

sagittal plane.

Actions of the Acetabulofemoral Joint

Abduction Movement of the femur laterally to the side-

away from midline Adduction

Movement of the femur medially- toward the midline

External rotation Rotary movement of the femur around its

longitudinal axis- anterior surface moves away from midline

Internal rotation Rotary movement of the femur around its

longitudinal axis- toward midline

Hip Flexion Hip Extension

Hip Adduction Hip Abduction

Lateral Rotation = External Rotation

Medial Rotation = Internal Rotation

Pelvis and Hip Motions

Pelvic rotation Lumbar spine motion

Right hip motion Left hip motion

Anterior rotation Extension Flexion Flexion

Posterior rotation

Flexion Extension Extension

Right lateral tilt Left lateral flexion Abduction Adduction

Left lateral tilt Right lateral flexion

Adduction Abduction

Right transverse rotation

Left lateral rotation

Internal rotation External rotation

Left transverse rotation

Right lateral rotation

External rotation Internal rotation

Acetabulofemoral Joint 3 df; ball & socket Stable & mobile Acetabulum

Cartilage is thicker at edge & top

Labrum deepens pocket Femoral head

Cartilage thickest on head

70% articulates Joint capsule

Strong & dense (ant, sup)

Acetabulofemoral JointLigaments

1. Iliofemoral (Y)• Supports most of BW• Supports anterior hip (standing)• Resists external, internal rotation• Limits hyperextension

Only anterior pelvic tilt

Acetabulofemoral JointLigaments

2. Pubofemoral• Resists abduction

(primarily)• Resists external

rotation (some)

3. Ischiofemoral • Resists adduction• Limits internal

rotation

No ligaments resist flexion (greatest ROM)P

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Iliopsoas – What is it comprised of?

When stabilized Flexion of hip

Thigh fixed Flexion of trunk

More active in mid-range Leg raise or curl-up

Increased activity- feet held (curl-up)

Psoas Major Origin

Transverse process of L1-5

Insertion Lesser trochanter of

femur Location

Anterior/Medial Movements

Pelvis: Anterior tilt Hip: Flexion

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Psoas Minor Origin

Lateral aspect of vertebral body of T12 and L1

Insertion Iliopecitneal eminence

Location Anterior (more anterior

than psoas major)/Medial

Movements Pelvis: Posterior tilt (weak) Hip: Flexion (weak)

Iliacus Origin

Iliac fossa Insertion

Femoral lesser trochanter

Location Anterior/Medial

Movements Pelvis: anterior tilt Hip: flexion

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Transverse Abdominis

Origin Iliac crest, inguinal ligament,

thoracolumbar fascia, and costal cartilages 7-12

Insertion Xiphoid process, linea alba,

pubic crest via an aponeurosis

Location Deep

Movements Compress the ribs and

viscera, providing thoracic and pelvic stability

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Movement Analysis: Back Extension

Plane Axis Action Agonist Antagonist

PHASE 12

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KINESIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS SUMMARY SHEET

 ACTIVITY: Back Extension