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Faysal AhammedBsc. In Physiotherapy
5th Batch4th year. Roll-26
Institute of Health Technology.Under Faculty of Medicine
University of Dhaka
Presentation on
Autism
It may Stands for
Autism is a lifelong developmental disability that affects the functioning of the brain, and characterised by impairments in social interaction, problems with verbal and non-verbalcommunication and restricted, repetitive behaviour, interests and activities. It is a nonprogressive disorder.
It was first Described by kanner in 1943 where his observation was “the exceptional ones who appeared to be asocial, lacking in communication skills both verbal and nonverbal and committed to repetitive ritualistic behaviors.”
Autism and It's related Disorder
Con…
The prevalence of ASD is constantly rising the statistics showed that
Autism Pred0minately affects males, with a male to female ratio of approximately 4.3:1.
ASD affects over 2 million individuals in the U.S. and tens of millions worldwide
It is as much a mystery today as it was when kanner stated.
World Statistics
In UK 1 in 100 People
In USA 1 in 88
People
In the total assessed population in (n=414), 8 children were diagnosed with Autism,plus 1 child with Pervasive Developmental Disorder,Not Otherwise Specified (PDD NOS) and 1 child with Rett Syndrome. The 8 with autism-
6 were from Dhaka city, 1 from Kulaora 1 from Godagari.The PDD NOS child was from Godagari and the RettSyndrome child from Kulaora.In Dhaka city the prevalence was 30/10000.68/1000 in rural populations.
In Bangladesh
In DSM IV
Autistic Disorder : Total of 6 more symptoms <age 3
Social Deficits -2
Communication Deficits
Sterotypic/Repetitive Behaviors
Soci
al D
efici
ts • Eye contact• Showing/
Sharing• Emotional
Reciprocity C
omm
unic
atio
n • Language
• Pretend Play
• Conversation
Ster
otyp
ic • Routines• Preoccupati
on• Intense
focus• Motor
Symptoms Includes
Under the current DSM-5, the diagnosis of autism requires that at least six developmental and behavioral characteristics are observed
There are two domains where people with ASD must show persistent deficits:
1) persistent social communication and social
interaction2) restricted and repetitive patterns of
behavior
In DSM V
Individual must demonstrate at least 6 of the 12 symptoms
At least 2 symptoms from the social domain At least 1 symptom from communication
domainAt least 1 symptom from the restricted behaviors/interest domainAt least 1 symptom must have been present before 36 months of age
Meeting Criteria For Autism
Most common initial symptom reported by parents is delayed (or abnormal) speech development
Social-communicative abnormalities in the first and second year of life:
Eye contactSocial referencing
Imitation Orientation to name
Shared attention and affect
Early recognition and identification of autism-->early behavioral markers of autism
Autism Can Be Identified Early
We can say that autism is a Spectrum of Disorder or different condition. They include- Aspergers Syndrome, PDDNOS, SPD, Rett Syndrome etc.
In Aspergers Syndrome They Adopt or even1. Supernormal in Reading2. Calculating3. Drawing4. MemorizingThey have Fewer symptoms, no language delay.They think in Picture or Drawing. PDD NOS-Pervasive Developmental Disorder is another
milder Disorder in Child.SPD- Semantic Pragmatic Disorder.
Conti...
People with ASD may have other difficulties
1. Very sensitive to light, 2. Noise 3. Clothing4. Temperature.
They may also experience sleep problems, digestion problems, and irritability.
Other Criteria
Screening tools specific to ASD:
The Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT)The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers
(M-CHAT)The Screening Tool for Autism in Two-Year-
Olds (STAT)The Stage 2-Pervasive Developmental
Disorders Screening Test (PDDST-II)
Screening Instruments for ASD
In a study found that the ASD patients EEG, CT, MRI is Normal.
In the few Brain Examined postmortem no lesion of any of the conventional type have been found. Although it is a Neurodevelopmental Disorder.
Clinical Diagnosis
Some researcher founds the below abnormalities
A curlailment of the normal development of neuron in the limbic system.
A decrease in the number of purkinje cell that appears to be congenital.
Age related changes in the size and number of the neurons in the diagonal band of Broca.
Conti...
They found various motor aspects to be lacking in children with ASD. They include
So it is crutial to evaluate motor delay or motor deficit early in the children with ASD.
In the Aspect of Physiotherapy
Hypotonia (51%)• Motor Apraxia (34%)
Toe Walking (19 %)• Gross Motor Delay (9%)
Whirling of the BodyManipulating an objectToe walkingParticularly Hand Flapping.
Their Sterotype Movement includes
A study suggest that walking programme improve the physical condition of adolescents with severe ASD and Reduce their BMI index.
Physical activity is have positive effects onSocial BehaviorCommunication skillAcademic engagementSensory skills
Motor skill is the instrumental for learning skills in other areas Like
Above.
Role of Physiotherapy in Autism
LIGHT it up BLUE
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