Political Parties: Definition, Criteria, Rationale

Political Parties, Definition, Criteria and RationaleProf. EDMUND S. TAYAOUniversity of Santo Tomas, Department of Political ScienceLocal Government Development Foundation

Saturday, September 14, 13

Key Concepts

Institutionalism- focus on formal institutions of government

Key Concepts

New Institutionalism-sociological view of institutions (impact on society)

Key Concepts

Political Hardware-Framework/Structural Design

Key Concepts

Political Software-Programs/Policies-subjective relationships between leaders and followers

Key ConceptsHard Power

(Coercion, Penalties)

Key ConceptsHard Power

(Coercion, Penalties)

Soft Power(Incentives,

Enticements)

Understanding thePolitical System

Vertical Dynamics- Central, Regional, Local Relations (Unitary or Federal System of Government)

Horizontal Dynamics- Executive Legislative System (Presidential or Parliamentary Form of Government)

System of Representation- Political Party System (Multi-Party System)

Inherently plural and divided society

✤ 80 Effective Languages all over the country;

✤ Social and Economic Stratification;

✤ Religious Diversity

as a political party therefore, it must be able to have a firm grasp of the what the country is, in

order to shape what policies, programs and action to take

democracy requires real political parties

✤ No such thing as “Direct Democracy”;

✤ Politics is about policy thus requiring substance (programmatic);

✤ Need for leadership and arena of participation for the masses;

✤ Superiority of Professional Leaders in Respect to Culture (Behavior), the formal and real incompetence of the mass.

real political parties

✤ Programmatic (different from ideological)

✤ Internal/Organizational Democratic Dynamics

✤ Grassroots-Based and International Linkages

✤ Exists and Operates even in-between elections

real political parties are democratic

✤ Same “comrades” too long in leadership regard themselves as “God-given leaders” (Robert Michel 1962);

✤ Fundamental Difference of the “dignified” and the “efficient” (Walter Bagehot 1867); and,

✤ Comprehensive (7) Function of Political Parties in Society (Gunther and Diamond 2001)

seven functions of parties

✤ Candidate Nomination;

✤ Candidate Nomination;✤ Electoral Mobilization;

✤ Candidate Nomination;✤ Electoral Mobilization;✤ Issue Restructuring;

✤ Candidate Nomination;✤ Electoral Mobilization;✤ Issue Restructuring;✤ Represent various social

groups;

groups;✤ Interest aggregation;

groups;✤ Interest aggregation;✤ Forming and sustaining

governments; and,

groups;✤ Interest aggregation;✤ Forming and sustaining

governments; and, ✤ Social Integration

Organizing the Party

✤ Identity- Who we are?

✤ Inclusive not Exclusive- Identity need not be exclusive (note that democracy is about numbers)

✤ Ideology as Basic Principle not Limiting Framework- Result is Issue-Based

✤ Democratic, Participatory, Transparent and Accountable Organizational Set-up and Dynamics (Strict adherence to Party Laws and Principles)

✤ Because it is Inclusive, Operations are not dominated by a person or small group and therefore the party operates on its own funds.

We start with ourselves, with our political party, then our society to have a country we deserve

edtayao@yahoo.com; (twitter) @edtayao; www.logodef.org

edtayao@yahoo.com; (twitter) @edtayao; www.logodef.orgsee “why we need career politicians” and

“we end up electing the wrong people” at rappler.com

Political Parties: Definition, Criteria, Rationale

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