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Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS)
As a Tool for Promoting EquityJoel E. Bancolita
PEP-Asia CBMS Network
This work was carried out by the PEP Asia-CBMS Network Team of the Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI) ofDe La Salle University, Manila with support from the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and the UK Department forInternational Development (DFID)
Outline of Presentation
• Background – Rationale for CBMS– Central Issues in Poverty Reduction– Existing Sources of Data
• CBMS Methodology
• Current Applications of CBMS
• Coverage of CBMS Implementation
Rationale for CBMS
• CBMS, as one of the tools developed in the early 1990s, aims to address the:
– Need to track the impacts of policies, programs and various shocks on the poor and the vulnerable
– Lack of necessary disaggregated data that can be used as inputs to policymaking and program implementation
– Need for a sustainable mechanism that would facilitate evidence-based decision making and impact-monitoring at lower geopolitical levels
The what and when of anti-
poverty programs
The who, the where and the why of poverty
Central Issues in Poverty Reduction
Decentralization creates new information demands that may be best satisfied with CBMS
National
Provincial
Municipal/City
Village/Barangay
Administrative Structure
Information availability
Nat
ion
al
surv
eys
CB
MS
can
fill
th
e g
ap
Objectives of CBMS
To provide policymakers and program implementers with a regular source of necessary disaggregated data for:
• Determining the nature and extent of poverty
• Formulating appropriate policies and programs
• Identifying eligible beneficiaries for targeted programs
• Impact Monitoring– Programs
– Shocks
What is CBMS?
• CBMS is designed as an organized process of data collection, processing, validation, and integration of data in the local development processes
• It generates a core set of indicators that are being measured to determine the welfare status of the population. These indicators capture the multidimensional aspects of poverty.
Key features of CBMS
• It involves a census of households and not a sample survey
• It is rooted in local government and promotes community participation
• It uses local personnel and community volunteers as monitors
• It has a core set of indicators (outcome and impact indicators)
• It establishes databanks at all geopolitical levels
• It is conducted regularly.
Dimensions Indicator
Health and Nutrition Proportion of children under 5 who died
Proportion of women who died due to pregnancy related causes
Proportion of children aged 0-5 who are malnourished
Housing Proportion of households in makeshift housing
Proportion of households who areinformal settlers
Proportion of households without access to safe water supply
Proportion of households without access to sanitary toilet facilities
Dimensions Indicator
Education Proportion of children 6-11 years old who are not attending elementary school
Proportion of children 12-15 years old who are not attending secondary school
Proportion of children 6-15 years old who are not attending school
Income and Livelihood Proportion of households with income below the
poverty threshold
Proportion of households with income below the
food threshold
Proportion of households who experienced hunger
due to food shortage
Proportion of persons in the labor force who are
unemployed
Peace and Order Proportion of persons who are victims of crime
Methodology CBMS
Data Collection • Household census done by trained local enumerators
• Instruments for Data Collection
o 12 page household profile questionnaire (available in English and local dialect)
o 6 page village profile questionnaire
Data Processing • Done by trained local data processors using a freeware customized for CBMS data encoding, processing, consolidation, and digitized poverty mapping.
Validation • Survey findings are presented and discussed in a community forum
Methodology CBMSEstablishment of Database • Databases are established at
different geopolitical levels (province/municipal/city/ village level)
• A CBMS national repositoryis currently maintained at Ministry of Interior and Local Government (DILG), National Anti-Poverty Commission (NAPC), and at the PEP Asia-CBMS Network Office.
CBMS
PROCESS
(APP)
Step 1
Advocacy / Organization
Step 2
Data Collection, GPS Reading
andData Transmission(Integrated Training
Modules 1 and 2)
Step 3
Processing and Mapping(Training Module 3)
Step 4
Data validation And Community
Consultation
Step 6
Plan Formulation(Training Module 4)
Step 7
Dissemination/ImplementationAnd Monitoring
Step 5
Knowledge (Database)
Management
• Web and Android-based Mobile Data Capture System
• CBMS StatSimPro
• Quantum GIS (QGIS)
Android-
Based Mobile
Data Capture
(Scan)
QGIS
Software
CBMS
StatSimPro
CBMS Data
and
Indicators
CBMS Web
Server
(Portal)
CBMS Softwares are provided to LGU partners implementing CBMS for Free
CBMS Accelerated Poverty Profiling (CBMS-APP)
CURRENT APPLICATIONS OF CBMS
Data Generated from CBMS
• Data can be disaggregated across population sub-groups, and by geo-political levels (by barangay/village, municipality/city, province)
• CBMS, conducted on a regular basis, can generate panel data that can aid tracking of conditions of households/ groups of population over time.
Poverty Maps
• “The Many Faces of Poverty”, Volume 4
1. Balanga City
2. Masbate City
3. Olongapo City
4. Pasay City
5. Science City of Munoz
6. Tabaco City
7. Tayabas City
Use of CBMS in Poverty/development profiling, analysis and diagnostics
Human Development Report
Palawan is the first province to come up with the publication of the Human Development Report in 2000 and 2006 which marks its achievement of being the first province to use household level data as basis for its development agenda
Use of CBMS in Poverty/development profiling, analysis and diagnostics
Uses of CBMS
• For preparation of local development plans, budgets, and other policy-action programs
– Annual investment plans
– Disaster risk reduction management plans
– Gender and development plans
– Local poverty reduction action plans
Diagnosing non-participationUse of CBMS for design of interventions and targeting of program beneficiaries
123 out of 326 children 12-15 years old are not attending
secondary school
Households with children 12-15 years who are not in secondary school, Barangay 179, Pasay City
Disparity of school attendance across income class and age
Proportion of children 6-15 who are not attending school, 2011 and 2014 (CBMS APP Partial results)
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Income decile
All: 2011
All: 2014
Male: 2011
Male: 2014
Female: 2011
Female: 2014
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Age
As MDG Benchmarking & Monitoring Tool
Sub-national MDG Reports Using CBMS Data
1. Agusan del Norte 2. Agusan del Sur 3. Biliran4. Camarines Norte5. Eastern Samar6. Marinduque7. Romblon8. Siquijor9. Sarangani10. Batangas11. Valenzuela City
Use of CBMS for monitoring the achievement of the MDGs through Sub-national MDG Reports
2010 2013
Uses of CBMS
• For enriching existing databases
– Household /individual level databases
– Digitized poverty maps
Proportion of Households who have Experienced Hunger by Municipality, BarangayAgusan del Sur, 2005
Sibagat
14.2
Talacogon
6.8
Esperanza
24.8
Bunawan
12.3
San Luis
6.6
Trento
7.0Loreto
17.9
Rosario
9.9
Sta. Josefa
11.1
La Paz
21.4
Veruela
39.8
San Francisco
7.2
Prosperidad
9.3
Bayugan
14.1
Sibagat
14.2
Talacogon
6.8
Esperanza
24.8
Bunawan
12.3
San Luis
6.6
Trento
7.0
Loreto
17.9
Rosario
9.9
Sta. Josefa
11.1
La Paz
21.4
Veruela
39.8
San Francisco
7.2
Prosperidad
9.3
Bayugan
14.1
Agusan del Sur: 13.9
Proportion of households who have experienced hunger by BarangayMunicipality of Esperanza, Agusan del Sur, 2005
Las Nieves, Agusan del Norte
Bayugan
San Luis
Agusan del Sur: 13.9Esperanza: 24.8
Uses of CBMS
• For monitoring impacts of programs• Examples:
–Conditional Cash Transfer (4Ps)–Unconditional Cash Transfer (UCT)–Water project
Location of 4Ps
beneficiary
households with
children not
attending school,
Pasay City, 2014
Source: CBMS Census,
Pasay City 2014 (Partial
results)
Impact of 4Ps on school participation rate of 6-14 year old children
Matching using PSMDifference in difference
Schoolparticipation rate among 6-14 (Set 2012/2013)
4Ps non-4Ps
2011 0.888 0.926
2014 0.969 0.971
Difference 0.082 0.045 0.840
0.860
0.880
0.900
0.920
0.940
0.960
0.980
1 2
4Ps:2012,2013
control:2012.2013
2011
Age group
School Participation Status of Panel Members Aged 6-18 among 4Ps Beneficiaries for 2012
2011
2011
118 children
6-18 years old
2011 School participation 2014
7
23
children
15-18 years old
95
children
6-14 years old
10
1(10%)
9(90%)
10(8.5%)
9(11%)
85(72%)
73(89%)
1(25%)
3(75%)14
(11.9%)
3
9(7.6%)
2(100%)
Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC)
• All MUACs increased and significant in ALL areas and outside Tacloban
Round 1 Round 2 t P-value
ALL 14.90 15.31 6.554 0.000
Tacloban City 15.24 15.30 0.717 0.475
Outside Tacloban City 14.70 15.32 7.423 0.000
14.30
14.40
14.50
14.60
14.70
14.80
14.90
15.00
15.10
15.20
15.30
15.40
ROUND 1 ROUND 2
MUAC
ALL Tacloban City Outside Tacloban City
Mid-Upper Arm Circumference of children 0-5 by age
Age (1st round) Round 1 Round 2 t
P-value
0 14.1 14.7 4.3400.000
1 14.4 14.8 3.4720.001
2 15.0 15.6 4.3020.000
3 15.5 15.7 0.8730.385
4 15.7 15.7 0.0940.926
5 15.9 16.2 1.5170.13613.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
15.0
15.5
16.0
16.5
0 1 2 3 4 5
AGE
MUAC
Round 1 Round 2
• All MUACs increased and significant in ages 0,1,2
Malnutrition and child diet diversity
• Proportion of malnourished children decreased significantly among households with increased child diet diversity
• Among households with decreased child diet diversity, malnutrition prevalence increased although insignificant
MalnutritionPrevalence
Round 1 Round 2 t P-valueIncreased child diet diversity 8.1% 4.2% 1.679 0.094
Decreased child diet diversity 4.3% 5.7% -0.851 0.395
4.0%
4.5%
5.0%
5.5%
6.0%
6.5%
7.0%
7.5%
8.0%
8.5%
ROUND 1 ROUND 2
Malnutrition
Increased child diet diversity Decreased child diet diversity
Outcome/Impact Monitoring Implementation of Poder Project, Brgy. Añgas, Tabaco City 2009
Before After
Uses of CBMS
• As basis for response during disaster, calamities and emergencies
• Vulnerability to Climate Change
–Vulnerability index is a composite of exposure to hazard, sensitivity and lack of adaptive capacity
Climate Change Vulnerability Index per Municipality, Province of Marinduque, 2011
Climate Change Vulnerability Index per BarangayProvince of Marinduque, 2011
Boac0.309
Santa Cruz0.789
Toriijos0.371
Buenavista0.518
Gasan 0.522
Mogpog0.518
Boac
Santa Cruz
Toriijos
Buenavista
Gasan
Mogpog
Current and projected proportion of households with malnourished children
Source: CBMS Censuses 2007-2010
Current and projected proportion of households with malnourished children, Surigao del Norte
Source: CBMS Censuses 2007-2010
Current and projected vulnerability (in terms of malnutrition) in Mainit, Surigao del Norte
Source: CBMS Censuses 2007-2010
Uses of CBMS
• As inputs in the Grassroots ParticipatoryBudgeting Process (GPB), formerly knownas Bottom-up budgeting
• As contained in JMC of DBM-DILG-DSWD-NAPC in 2012 and 2014, the focus LGUSshall collect and collate all relevantinformation, statistics, and sex-aggregated data for poverty reductionplanning from CBMS
CBMS design is flexible to accommodate community-specific indicators
• Natural calamities and disaster management• Environment Protection• Women’s well being• Child Labour• Migration• Disability• Community service delivery• Social Protection• Entrepreneurship
CBMS Implementing Countries, 2000-present
AFRICA: Benin, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Niger, Senegal , South Africa, Tanzania, TogoASIA: Bangladesh, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Viet NamSOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Bolivia, PeruNORTH AMERICA: Haiti
Coverage of CBMS implementation in the Philippines
as of October 08, 2014
23,276 barangays in 862 municipalities and 69 cities in 73 provinces (32 of which are
provincewide)
CBMS APP trackCBMS PAPER track
About the CBMS Network
• The CBMS Network in particular supports the development and institutionalization of systems for monitoring poverty at the local level while promoting equity and empowering communities to participate in the development process
THANK YOU
PEP Asia - CBMS Network OfficeAngelo King Institute for Economic and Business StudiesDe La Salle UniversityRm I-1016, 10th Floor, Angelo King International Center, Estrada corner Arellano Streets, Malate, ManilaTelefax (632) 5262067Email at: celia.reyes@benilde.edu.ph; cbms.network@gmail.comWebsite: www.pep-net.org
To learn more
• Visit: http://pep-net.org
• You might want to attend the 11th CBMS National Conference on Feb. 2-4, 2015 in Manila
• Email: celia.reyes@benilde.edu.ph; cbms.network@gmail.com
Proportion of children 0-5 who are malnourished (using MUAC)
Round 1 Round 2 tP-value
ALL 5.3 4.8 0.406 0.685
Tacloban City 4.1 3.1 0.609 0.543
Outside Tacloban City 6.0 5.8 0.105 0.917
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
ROUND 1 ROUND 2
Malnutrition
ALL Tacloban City Outside Tacloban City
• All proportions decreased but not significantly
Proportion of households without access to safe water supply, by municipality, Province of Marinduque
2005 2008
BOAC
GASAN
BUENAVISTA
TORRIJOS
SANTA CRUZ
MOGPOG19.1
17.4
14.6
7.7
10.2
13.6
BOAC
GASAN
BUENAVISTA
TORRIJOS
SANTA CRUZ
MOGPOG25.5
11.9
8.5
6.7
9.2
13.5
Source: CBMS Census 2005 and 2008, Province of Marinduque
Proportion of households without access to safe water supply, by barangay, Province of Marinduque
2005 2008
BOAC
GASAN
BUENAVISTA
TORRIJOS
SANTA CRUZ
MOGPOG25.5
11.9
8.5
6.7
9.2
13.5
BOAC
GASAN
BUENAVISTA
TORRIJOS
SANTA CRUZ
MOGPOG19.1
17.4
14.6
7.7
10.2
13.6
Source: CBMS Census 2005 and 2008, Province of Marinduque
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