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Virtual water footprint: Accounting for hidden water use and ways to conserve it
PRESENTED BY:
YASH MAURYASPM, PDPU
Virtual water footprint: Accounting for hidden water use and ways to conserve it
Yash Maurya. Has completed a 5 year integrated BS-MS dual degree course, majors in chemistry from Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, India. Currently Yash is a final year student of MBA focused in Oil & Gas industry (Major-Energy and Infrastructure; Minor-Marketing) from School of Petroleum Management, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University (SPM, PDPU), Gujarat, India. Yash has interned two summers for Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL.)
• Water – Renewable Resource ….. Is it????• Limited in Time and Space• Global volume of water is the same as it was 2,000 years ago• Global growth and water use is increasing significantly
Source – www.wrsc.org
Shrinking Aral Sea
Virtual Water Footprint: making a link between consumption in one place and impacts on water systems elsewhere
• Introduced by “John Anthony Allan “ at King’s College London• Volume of water required to produce a commodity or service – Links
Water, Food and Trade• Not just Direct water ----- also accounts for indirect water• Different from water use• Accounts for
1. Water evaporation;2. Water is incorporated into the product;3. Water not returned to the same catchment area, for
example, it is returned to another catchment area or the sea;4. Water not returned in the same period, for example, it is
withdrawn in a scarce period and returned in a wet period.•
VIRTUAL WATER
• Product = Sum of the water footprints of the process steps (considering the whole production and supply chain). Unit- Volume/unit mass
• Consumer = The sum of the water footprints of all products consumed by the consumer. Unit- water volume per unit mass per capita
• Business = the sum of the water footprints of the final products that the business produces.
• Geographically delineated area (e.g., a municipality, province, state, nation, catchment or river basin) = Sum of the process water footprints of all processes taking place in the area. Unit- water volume/unit time
The Water Footprint of
[Hoekstra & Chapagain, 2008]
[Hoekstra & Chapagain, 2008]
• dark chocolate: 40% cocoa paste (water footprint 33260 litres/kg); 20% cocoa butter (water footprint 50730 litres/kg); 40% sugar (water footprint 1526 liters/kg)
• 40% 33260 + 20% 50730 + 40% 1526 = 24060 litres/kg = 2400 liters for one 100gr chocolate bar
• Milk chocolate has larger water footprint .(water footprint of milk powder - 4600 liters/kg)
1 egg
1Kg potato
1Kg Maize
1Kg Wheat1Kg Rice
1Kg Chicken1kg Beef
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
217 255909 1334
22913046
15497
Virtual Water (litres) Embedded in Various Foods
Example – an animal Product
Example – Nation
Calculation of Water Footprint
USER INTERFACE OF THE ONLINE WATER FOOTPRINT CALCULATOR
SOURCE: http://www.waterfootprint.org/?page=cal/WaterFootprintCalculator.
USER INTERFACE OF THE ONLINE WATER FOOTPRINT CALCULATOR CONTD..
USER INTERFACE OF THE ONLINE WATER FOOTPRINT CALCULATOR CONTD..
IISER, Mohali PDPU, Gandhinagar
Total Water footprint food (m3 per year)
499840 2141300
Total Water footprint food (Billion litres per year)
0.49984 2.1413
No. of students 640 2300
Water footprint food per student (m3 per year)
781 931
Water footprint food per student (Million litres per year)
0.781 0.931
IISER Mohali vs PDPU Gandhinagar
Assessment of virtual water embedded in major crops of Punjab and Haryana.
Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy
Area of India(geographical) : 2.4 % of the world; Total world wheat production contribution : 13% of the world.
Area of Punjab & Haryana(geographical) : 0.067% of the world; Total world wheat production contribution : 4.16% of the world.
Agriculture employs 52% of India labour force but contributes only about 14% of India GDP
Increasing no. of Indian farmers committing sucides.
Major Cropping Systems : Wheat-Rice; Wheat-Cotton; and
Wheat-Maize.
Cropping intensity : 190%
Site description
Place (year) Wheat (MKg) Rice (MKg) Maize (MKg) Cotton (MKg)
Punjab (2012-2013) 17982 11374 475 1627
Punjab (2013-2014) 16591 10815 562 1635
Haryana (2012-2013) 13069 3745 19 2373
Haryana (2013-2014) 11117 3536 21 2314
Table 1 : Total Crop production for wheat, rice, maize and cotton reported by state government of Punjab and Haryana for two financial years where Mkg (million kilograms). Source : http://nfsm.gov.in/Presentations/ 10NFSMEC/ PUNJAB.ppt?; http://agricoop.nic.in/imagedefault/Rabi2013/Punjab/Punjab.ppt?
Virtual water embedded in major crops of Punjab and Haryana.
WHEAT (LITRES PER KG):- 1,334RICE (LITRES PER KG):- 2,497
MAIZE (LITRES PER KG):- 1,222COTTON (LITRES PER KG):- 10,000
Place (year) Wheat (Blt) Rice (Blt) Maize (Blt) Cotton (Blt)
Punjab (2012-2013) 23988 28401 580 16270
Punjab (2013-2014) 22132 27005 687 16350
Haryana (2012-2013) 17434 9351 23 23730
Haryana (2013-2014) 14830 8829 26 23140
Table 2: Total Virtual water embedded in various crops such as wheat, rice, maize and cotton for Punjab and Haryana for two financial years where Blt (billion litres).
Virtual water embedded in major crops of Punjab and Haryana.
2012-2013 => 119777blt2013-2014=>112999 Blt
Future generation probably at great risk?
RECOMMENDED SOLUTION AT IISER, MOHALI
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conserve Your Water…. Plan Wisely !!• Shared responsibility of consumers, producers, investors and
governments• Institution Level
• Wise use of grey water• Condensation of steam • Avoid chemicals in agriculture to reduce grey water footprint • Recycling
• Personal level• Cloths, Shoes etc• Consumer side approach• Use organic food• Turn veg• Prefer e-books if you already have a laptop
THANK YOU
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