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IFAD and FAO Learning Event on GEF Rome, Italy - December 10-12, 2014
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NRM and Ecosystem Resilience
GEF Natural Resources
Land Degradation
Biodiversity
International Waters
Sustainable Forest Management
Climate Change Adaptation
Resilience
• The ability of a social or ecological system to absorb disturbances while retaining the same basic structure and ways of functioning, the capacity for self-organization, and the capacity to adapt to stress and change.
Social-Ecological Systems• Social-ecological
systems - linked systems of people and nature
• Humans are part of nature
• Delineation between social and ecological systems is artificial and arbitrary
Sustainable Development Update 1(8), 2008
What Disturbances (i.e. Threats)?• Biological – Pollinator declines, biomass
depletion• Climatic – Drought or Flooding in drylands• Physical – Erosion on steep slopes or
sedimentation in lakes, streams, river • Chemical – Nutrient pollution in water bodies,
Ocean Acidification• Anthropogenic – Timber extraction and hunting
in forests, Overexploitation of fish stocks• Economic – Market failures….• Institutional – Governance breakdown….
Generic Principles for NR Projects(based on Walker and Salt, 2008)
• Promote diversity• Embrace variability• Acknowledge slow
variables• Harness social capital• Enable innovation• Value “unpriced”
ecosystem services• Enhance governance
overlaps
Biodiversity Focal AreaBiodiversity Focal Area
BD and ResilienceFocus on resilience of PAs and PA Systems
1. maintain coverage of representative ecosystems and species in light of anticipated climate change
2. adjust PA boundaries given anticipated effects of climate change on species and habitats - a kind of flex approach to PA demarcation;
3. management of PAs in landscapes that are governed by land-use regulations to accommodate 1 and 2
Land Degradation Focal AreaLand Degradation Focal Area
Hyper-arid People Sub-humid
SLM and Resilience• “Integrated” NRM for Livelihoods– sustain ecosystem service flows -> healthy
soils, vegetative cover–diversify land use - > create options at
multiple scales– safeguard high value species -> genetic
resources for food, fuel, fiber– protect ground and surface water
resources – efficiency in use, re-charge– traditional/indigenous practices
(nomadic/pastoralist) -> innovations
International Waters Focal Area
IW and Resilience• Science-based adaptive management institutions at
transboundary scale, many with cooperative, legal agreements
• ICM institutions at local scale consider storms / floods / risk
• Drought management planning; Floodplain management / restoration
• Aquifer protection/management; reuse of sewage; water use efficiency
• Marine projects use early warning instrumentation for forecasting
SFM/REDD+ Program
SFM/REDD+ Priorities
1. Reduce pressures on forest resources and generate sustainable flows of forest ecosystem services.
2. Strengthen the enabling environment to reduce
GHG emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and enhance carbon sinks from LULUCF activities.
Focus on multiple benefits from forest ecosystems, including options to mitigate climate change – implications for resilience of functions and sustainable flow of services
Moving Forward• Resilience taking center-stage in Conventions
and MEA fora• Resilience needs to be fully considered in
design and implementation of GEF project • STAP taking a lead role in establishing – the scientific bases for resilience in GEF
investments– Developing a framework for resilience monitoring
and assessment
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