Eco enterprises opportunity for greening economy in key sectors

ECO-ENTERPRISESOpportunities for Greening the

Economy in Key SectorsWorkshop Presentation for the NYCCC-V

Mully Children’s Family14th November 2012

Buoga, Jared Omondi – Program Director, Tembea Youth Centre for Sustainable Development

Email: buogager@gmail.com

WORKSHOP OUTLINE

• OBJECTIVES of the workshop• DEFINITIONS• NATURAL CAPITAL-primary basis for primary

PRODUCTION• EXAMPLE INTERLUDE…• GROUP WORK-BASICS FOR ACTION

WORKSHOP OBJECTIVES

• Identify key economic sectors of our economy with high eco-enterprise potentials

• Recognize challenges and opportunities in key economic sectors

• Explore options for interventions relevant for eco-enterprise set-up

• Examples of successful eco-investments and initiatives as basis to spur local action

DEFINITIONS• Sustainable Forest Management:- Sustainable Forest Management aims to ensure that the goods and services derived from the forest meet present-day needs while at

the same time securing their continued availability and contribution to long-term development. In its broadest

sense, forest management encompasses the administrative, legal, technical, economic, social and environmental aspects

of the conservation and use of forests. It implies various degrees of deliberate human intervention, ranging from

actions aimed at safeguarding and maintaining the forest ecosystem and its functions, to favoring specific socially or economically valuable species or groups of species for the

improved production of goods and services (FAO)

• Resource Efficiency:- means reducing the total environmental impact of the production and

consumption of goods and services, from raw material extraction to final use and disposal. (UNEP)

• Ecosystem Services: - are the benefits people obtain from ecosystems. These include provisioning services

such as food and water; regulating services such as flood and disease control; cultural services such as

spiritual, recreational, and cultural benefits; and supporting services, such as nutrient cycling, that

maintain the conditions for life on Earth. (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment)

• Bio-Char: Biochar is the charred by-product of biomass pyrolysis, the heating of plant-derived material in the absence of oxygen in order to capture combustible gases.

• Green Jobs: are those jobs maintained or created in the transition process towards a green economy that are either provided by low-carbon intensive industries (enterprises) or by industries (enterprises) whose primary output function is to greening the economy. (IILS)

NATURAL CAPITAL-AgricultureChallenges:

DEMAND SIDE SUPPLY SIDE

Food Security Limited Availability of Land, Water, Mineral inputs and rural labour

Population Growth Increasing Vulnerability of agriculture to climate change

Rising Incomes Pre-harvest and post harvest losses

Competition with Biofuels

Opportunities in Agriculture

• The UNEP Green Economy Report (UNEP 2011) states that the green agriculture is capable of reducing poverty as well as nourishing a growing and more demanding world population at higher nutritional levels by 2050.

• Opportunities include increased awareness by governments, donor interest in supporting agriculture development

Opportunities -contd

• Growing interest of private investors in sustainable agriculture and increasing consumer demand for sustainably produced food

Investment Options- Agriculture

• Investment in R&D and Agri-Businesses:

Investments to develop, deploy and diffuse resource-efficient technologies and

agricultural inputs, farming practices, and seed and livestock varieties to counter the environmental externalities that are often

associated with the green revolution.

Investment Options- Agriculture

• Plant and Animal Health Management (PAHM)

Field trials of improved PAHM practices have resulted in increased profitability of farms. One of the most effective

techniques is known as “push-pull”, which involves intercropping, for example, certain species of legumes and grasses with maize. Aromas produced by legumes planted

on the perimeter of a field pushes maize pests, while aromas produced by the grasses pull insects to lay eggs on

them rather than on the maize. This technique has significantly increased maize yields in eastern Africa.

Investment Options - Agriculture

• Strengthening the Supply Chains for Green Products and Farm Inputs:

Investments in developing new markets could (i) create new and high return employment

opportunities; (ii) shorten the field-to-market supply chains, and thus offer better prices to

farmers; and (iii) help maintain the price premiums (Clark and Alexander, 2010).

Investment Options- Agriculture

• Farm Mechanization and Post-Harvest Storage

Appropriate mechanisation of small and medium farms could significantly increase agricultural productivity

and help green farming practices. With regard to post harvest storage, small investments in simple

technologies such as metal silos and sealed packaging can bring about multiple economic

benefits.

Improving soil and water management and diversifying crops and livestock

Strategies include growing and integrating back in soil nitrogen fixing fodder and green

manure crops such as pea, ferns and cloves or rice straw, no-tillage and planting new seeds in

crop residues, using waste biomass or bio-char and organic and mineral fertilizers.

However, such strategies do require additional investments.

NATURAL Capital-Forestry• Challenges:

The major challenges facing the forest sector include the loss of forest, competing land

uses, as well as market, policy and governance failures.

These challenges are connected. Competing land uses, especially from agriculture, are

immediate causes of forest loss. These competing land uses are, in turn, driven by

market, policy and governance failures

Opportunities - Forestry

• The establishment of sustainable forest management (SFM) criteria and indicators;

• The growth of protected areas; • The concept of reducing emissions from

deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries (REDD); and

• The growing acceptance of payments for ecosystem services.

Investment Options

• Green investment directed to improving management in existing forests and

agroforestry systems to ensure they continue to provide a wide range of ecosystem services

• Such investment can only be considered green if it ensures that the forests conserved,

established or restored meet principles of sustainable forest management, and balance

the needs of different stakeholders

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Integrated ECO-ENTREPRISE programmes in Kenya

1. Kenya-World Bank Arid Lands Resources Management Project (ALRMP 1996-2011).

2. EU Community Development Trust Fund (CDTF), 1996-2014.3. Kenya-UNDP Environment, Energy and Climate Change Programme.4. The western Kenya Community Driven Development and Flood Mitigation

Programme (WKCDD&FMP).5. Mt. Kenya East Pilot Programme (MKEPP).6. NCA PROJECTS ACROSS THE COUNTRY

Example - Friends of Kinangop Integrated Project• Established in Kinangop

Plateau 1997 • Core activities

– Biodiversity conservation– 3 community sanctuaries– Community biodiversity

research and monitoring– Eco-tourism– Wool-spinning and making

wool products– Beekeeping and honey

production– Organic farming– Family planning– HIV/AIDS awareness

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Natural Capital-Fisheries

• ChallengesThe main challenge of global fisheries is over-

capitalization, resulting in the depletion of fishery resources, which in turns affects

nutrition and the livelihood for millions of fishermen all over the world (Hatcher and

Robinson, 1999; Munro and Sumaila, 2002).

Opportunities

• The world’s marines fisheries are socially and economically vital, providing animal protein and supporting food security to over 1billion people globally.

• Transforming the world’s fisheries could help restore damaged marine ecosystems. When managed intelligently, fisheries can sustain a greater number of communities and enterprises, generating employment and raising household income, particularly for those engaged in artisanal fishing.

WATER• Challenges:

• Water, a basic necessity for sustaining life, goes undelivered to many of the world’s poor

(WHO/UNICEF, 2010; UNICEF, 2004).• The existing inadequacies in provision of water and sanitation services generate considerable social costs and economic inefficiencies, in fact, when sanitation

services are inadequate, the costs of water-borne disease are high.

• Continuing current practices can lead to a massive and unsustainable gap between global supply and demand

for water withdrawal.

Opportunities

• Investments in the water sector can lead to a decrease in water demand and an increase in water supply and can improve access to clean

water and adequate sanitation services, whilst at the same time creating jobs and enabling

the green economy transition in other economic sectors.

Investment Options in Water• Investment in water sector should be geared

towards improving efficiency of use, and increase supply and water quality

• As the world’s population increases, more water will be needed for household and industrial purposes

with the consequence that in many areas subject to water scarcity, either more food will have to be

imported, or more food produced with less water. • Investments in water efficiency could thus save

costs and support local economic growth, and increase resilience to climate change.

Options…

• Declines in supply could be avoided by investing in biodiversity and ecosystem services.

• It is estimated that ecosystem health and function will decline, negatively impacting world’s water river

systems and aquifers (the UN World Water Development Report 2010).

• In particular, investments in smaller, local water-supply systems (e.g., smaller storage systems that are

built by and serve local communities) can prevent degradation of water ecosystems and are likely to

yield greater returns (Schreiner et al., 2010).

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CONFIGURATION OFECO-ENTERPRISES IN KENYA1. Kiunga Marine Reserve Conservation and

Development Project in Coast Region2. Il Ngwesi Community Ecotourism and

Conservation Project in ASAL Region3. Sauri Millennium Village Project in the Lake

Region4. Kenya Water for Health Organization (KWAHO)

Project in Nairobi Urban Region

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ECO- ENTERPRISES Assessment Sites:-

Kiunga national reserve• Remote marine national reserve in East Africa

Marine Ecoregion• A poverty and insecurity area• High population growth area• Heavy pressure on fishery and sea turtles• Project - WWF, USAID, KWS, FD, FD• One of the few integrated PHE case

WWF Kiunga Project WWF Kiunga Project

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Kiunga – Project Interventions

• Population interventions– Reproductive health/FP– Water supply– Household hygiene– Education– Sustainable fishery

• Health interventions– Mobile clinic– Dispensary– Child immunization– Malaria Control

• Environmental interventions– Community-based species

conservation– Beach clean-ups

• The Flip-flop Project

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Il Ngwesi Ecotourism Development Project

• A dry land Maasai communal pastoralism area in Laikipia District

• An important wildlife area outside the protected areas

• A EU/CDTF project• Cross-sectoral approach

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Il Ngwesi – Project Interventions1. Population interventions

– Community eco-lodge– Water supply– Education– Security– Transport and communication– Livelihoods - Cultural market

2. Health interventions– Mobile clinic– HIV/AIDS awareness campaigns– Malaria control

3. Environmental interventions– Wildlife conservation – Grazing management– Catchment protection– Tree planting

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Sauri Millenium Village Project

• A village of 4,648 people in Siaya

• Part of the UN-MDG Millennium Village Project

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Sauri – Project Interventions• Population interventions• Agriculture and food security• Education• Water supply• Transport and communication• Housing, hygiene and energy• Health interventions• Health infrastructure & medicare• HIV/AIDS support• Environment interventions• Watershed protection• Riparian zone protection• Tree planting

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Kenya Water for Health Organization (KWAHO) Project, Kibera Slums, Nairobi

• One of the largest urban slums in Africa - ~225 ha

• Approximately 0.5 million people and almost 2000 people per hectare

• Poor shelter and services conditions

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KWAHO – Project InterventionsPopulation interventions• Water supply• Water treatment-SODIS• Household hygieneHealth interventions• Sanitation – VIP toiletsEnvironment interventions• Slum garbage management

ENERGY EFFICIENT COOKSTOVES FOR SIAYA COMMUNITIES

• This project aims to mitigate these impacts by introducing energy efficient cook stoves to Siaya communities in Kenya. The efficient cook stove is a biomass rocket stove designed for burning wood and consisting of two cooking units that can be separately fired. The stove is fixed and installed in households

36TEMBEA YOUTH CENTRE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

• MUD-BRICK FIX- TEMBEA EFFICIENT COOKSTOVE

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Construction in progress

TEMBEA YOUTH CENTRE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

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Project status and milestonesApplicant GS879 – Registration pathway…1. Local stakeholders consultative meeting done2. Kitchen survey and Kitchen Test and analysis complete – May 20113. PDD and GS Passport writing – Sept 20114. Validation/visits and completion of technical review - FVReport5. Stakeholder feedback round6. Registration – running parallel to monitoring and usage survey July

20127. 1st Verification Period8. 1st Issuance – June 20139. 6274 cookstoves constructed in corresponding households10. 233 community savings and loaning groups established and

operating

TEMBEA YOUTH CENTRE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

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Estimated amount of emission reductions

Years(starting 01 January and ending 31 December)

Annual estimation of emission reductions in tonnes of CO2e

2011 4,2032012 17,3272013 31,1882014 45,0492015 58,9102016 72,7712017 86,633

Total emission reductions (tonnes of CO2e)

316,080

Total number of crediting years 7

Annual average over the crediting period of estimated reductions (tonnes of CO2e)

45,154

TEMBEA YOUTH CENTRE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

40TEMBEA YOUTH CENTRE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

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Project status and milestones

• CS&L reached have helped mobilize over 5,928 households

• CS&L net saving value of saving over KES 2,854,950.80 as of 31st May 2012.

• Over 70% of the households accessing efficient cookstoves through CS&L

• 50 Artisans (31 men, 19 women) trained, certified, and operating

TEMBEA YOUTH CENTRE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Group Exercise

• In 4 groups based on thematic areas– Agriculture– Water– Forestry– Fisheries

Examine eco-enterprise opportunities in your locality, outlining the building blocks – as target

customers/clients, source of income, stakeholders involved, and scope(geographical).

END OF

SECTION ONE