Brazil environment, society and politics

Brazil: Environment, Society and Politics

by Rafa Art

Agenda

Introduction

From discovery to pre industrialization

Modern Times and Impacts

– Years 1910-1960

– Years 1970- 2010

Conclusion

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Introduction

Brazil experienced changing of control

Environmental impacts

Society transformation

Cultural transformation and impacts

Coffee - 1935. Cândido Portinari Workers – 1923. Tarcila do Amaral

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From discovery to pre

industrialization

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From discovery to pre industrialization

• Portuguese X Indians

Impacts

Resource

Communication

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From discovery to pre industrialization

• Exploration of Pau-brasil at the beginning of the 15th century

Uncontrolled extraction, by

French

Beginning of law enforcement1516 - 1534

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From discovery to pre industrialization

• Village of São Vicente 1532

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From discovery to pre industrialization

Cultural change – news possibilities

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From discovery to pre industrialization

• African Slaves - 1538

• Napoleon Bonaparte - 1808

• Law Aurea - Imperial Law N° 3,353 - 1888

• Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca Brazil Republic -

1889

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From discovery to pre industrialization

Emigration –multicultural country

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Modern Times and its

impacts

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Modern Times and its impacts

The plus period

+ People

+ Development

+ Impacts

+ Laws

+ Corruption

+ Emigration | Imigration

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Modern Times and its

impacts - Years 1910-1960

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Modern Times and its impacts – Years 1910-1960

rises by over 300% - from 1900 to 1960: 17 million to over 70 million.

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• New Urban Centers

• More environmental impacts

• Cycle Rubber and Coffee

• Brasilia – new Capital

• Increase of CO2 emission – Development

• Immigration

• Agriculture to Industrialization

• Law Enforcement

Modern Times and its impacts – Years 1910-1960

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12/31/1901

12/31/1913

12/31/1918

12/31/1929

12/31/1932

12/31/1940

12/31/1944

12/31/1947

12/31/1960

12/31/1965

12/31/1969

-

10,000,000

20,000,000

30,000,000

40,000,000

50,000,000

60,000,000

70,000,000

80,000,000

90,000,000 Yearly CO2 Emissions (tonnes)

1 2 3 4

5

6

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• 26th of July of 1911 – Creation of the first Forest Reserve of Brazil

• 01st January 1916 - Promulgated the Civil Code of the United States of Brazil that, amongst its diverse disposals, enclosed questions of ambient nature

• 1934 – Water Code, Hunting and Fich Code, Forest Code are enacted

• 29th March 1940 - Mine Code enacted.

Modern Times and its impacts – Years 1910-1960

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State of São Paulo – 1500 to 1952

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Modern Times and its impacts

- Years Years 1970- 2010

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Modern Times and its impacts – Years 1970- 2010

• Increased of GDP

• Environmental Issues– Oil and Others

• Public Politics

• Development – Infrastructure

• Social Movements

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Brazil GPD

U.S. $ 42.33 billion

U.S. $ 2.143 trillion

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Comparative environmental occurrences from 1991 to 2010

Drought

sudden flood

storm

gradual flood

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Comparative environmental events between decades

DroughtSuddenFlood

GradualFlood

Hailstorm

FrostStorm

Tornado Forestfire

Mass Movement

Fluvial Erosion

LinearErosion

Marine Erosion

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Affected by disaster

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Killed by type of disaster

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State of São Paulo – 1973 to 2000

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Public Politics• 30th October 1973 - Special Secretariat of Environment (SEMA) • 14th August 1975 - Rules created to regulate industrial pollution• 21th September 1979 - Decree approved regulation of the Brazilian

National Parks• 2nd July 1980 - Determined the basic lines of direction for the

industrial zoning in critical areas of pollution• 27th April 1981 - Created the Law nº 6.902, 27th April 1981,

created the Ecological Stations and the Environmentally Protected Zone

• 2nd September 1981 -National Politic of the Environment (PNMA), that it has the objective to preservation, improvement and recovery of the propitious ambient quality to the life

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Public Politics

• 01st June 1983 - The Natural Environmental Council (CONAMA) was created. Frist resolution on 1986 - redefined the concept of Ambient Impact and institutes criteria on the Study of Environmental impact (EIA) and the Environmental impact report (RIMA).

• 12th October 1988 - Program of Defense of the Ecosystem Complex of the Legal Amazonian called Program Our Nature.

• October 1988 - Government promulgates new constitution that explicitly gives citizens environmental rights.

• 22th February 1989 - Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA)

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Public Politics

• 27th October 1994 - Decree approved the Regulation of National Forests

• 8th January 1997 - Federal Water Law (Law No. 9433) is enacted. It establishes the National Water Resources Policy and National System for Water Resources

• 17th July 2000 - Creation of the National Water Agency (ANA)• 2nd August 2010 - National Politics of Solid Wast – deadline August

2014.

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Development – Infrastructure

• Angra, in 1971 – nuclear power• Trans-Amazon Highway• Polocentro at brazilian cerrado in 1975• Itaipu Hydroelectric Plant in 1975 to 1982• Belo Monte dam

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Deforestation in the Amazon

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Original coverage of the Cerrado and Map the Current Remaining

BeforeAfter 2012

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Brazilian Hydroelectric Potential and Plan

In Operation

Under Construction

Planned

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Some effects of construction of Jirau/RO and Porto Velho/RO Hydroelectric

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Yearly CO2 Emissions (tonnes) – from 1901 to 2006

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Brazil Wind Capacity

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Brazil Solar Capacity

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Conclusion

• Issues– Society – Environmental– Corruption– Development– Energy– Education– Gender

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Thanks for the attention!!Hajimemashite

fb.com/rafael.art rafael@agendasustentabilidade.com.br

www. agendasustentabilidade.com.br