Tera ray

Tera hertz communication

device

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERINGPOORNIMA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECNOLOGY,

JAIPUR

A PRESENTATION ON

SUPERVISED BY:Mr. Gaurav AnandMr. Rahul Pandey(Assistant Professor)

SUBMITTED BY:-Madhusudhan Agarwal-Nikhil Suthar-Vishnu Sharma

CONTENTS

• INTRODUCTION OF Tera hertz radiation

• SPECTRUM OF T-RAY

• HISTORY

• PROPERTY OF THz

• THz COMMUNICATION DEVICE

• APPLICATIONS

• REFERENCE

INTRODUCTION Terahertz radiation refers to electromagnetic waves propagating at frequencies in the terahertz range.

Terahertz waves lie at the far end of the infrared band, just before the start of the microwave band.

 The T-ray band lies between 0.1 and 10 terahertz (THz).

1012 Hz = 300 m = 33.3 cmμ -1 = 4 meV = 50 Kelvin

Terahertz spectrum

1. Terahertz mean trillion cycle per second. 2. Terahertz subset of infrared radiation.

History

Terahertz radiation is emitted as part of the black body radiation from anything with temperatures greater than about 10 kelvin.

Mid-2007:- scientists at the U.S. announced the creation of a compact device that can lead to portable battery-operated sources of  terahertz radiation which uses high-temperature superconducting crystals.

In 2008, engineers at Harvard University demonstrated that THz radiation wasgenerated by nonlinear mixing of two modes in a mid-infrared quantum cascade laser.

In 2009, T-waves are produced when unpeeling adhesive tape.

In 2011, Japanese electronic parts maker Rohm and a research team at Osaka University produced a chip capable of transmitting 1.5 Gbps using terahertz radiation.

In 2012 scientists from IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON and A*STAR in SINGAPOREhave shown off a  tera hertz antenna that is just 100 nanometers

PropertiesTerahertz waves can penetrate through materials opaque to other parts of the EM spectrum.

Ex. Packaging materials - including paper, cardboard, textiles, plastics, wood, ceramics, semiconductors, and dried and frozen materials.

Due to its comparatively low photon energy (4 meV at 1 THz), THz radiation does not initiate any changes in chemical structure, as opposed to UV radiation or X-rays for example. Do not subject a biological tissue to harmful radiation.

Terahertz waves can create images and transmit information.

Characteristic properties:- 1. high penetration depth 2. low scattering combined with good spatial

resolution. Resolution of THz wave is 1 mm.

The unique rotational, vibrational and translational responses of materials (molecular, radicals and ions) within the THz range provide information that is generally absent in optical, x-ray and NMR images.

Thz

Communica

tio

n

devices

3D Sca

nner

3D Scanner

3D Scanner: is a device that analyzes a real-world

object to collect data on its shape and possibly its appearance. The collected data can then be used to construct three dimensional models useful for a wide variety of applications.

Tools Needed

PIC microcontroller.Digital camera.Laser diode.Lenses “to convert laser beam from a

point into straight line”. Stepper motors.

How does it Works

Capturing Images

First of all we take two images of the object each step first one while the laser is on, the other one while the laser off. After that we rotate the object, we repeat these steps for all object(360°).

Subtraction

We subtract the laser image with the one that we took without laser both of them has been taken from the same view of object. The result image will look like

Threshold

After subtraction we make thresholding for the image this step is essential for the next step.

Skeletonization

We shrink the laser line in the image to get the core “the middle region” of the line.

Get Points

We read the points from the Skeletonized image “by scanning pixels”, and calculate it’s coordinates.

Equations & Calculations

After we get the points of each image we make a large complex calculations to find the coordinate of each point in 3-dimentional view.

Surface Reconstruction

Is the process that reconstruct s a surface from its sample points.

The input can be co-ordinates of the point cloud  in 3D and output is a piecewise linear approximation of the surface

Terahertz imaging - new steps toward real-life applications Radiation penetrates many common barrier materials enabling concealed objects to be seen. Wavelengths are short enough to give adequate spatial resolution for imaging or localization of threat objects. Radiation at these frequencies is non-ionizing and, at modest intensities, safe to use on people.

Application

1. It's passenger imaging technology, so it allows us to see the entire image of the passenger's body and anything that might be hidden on the person”

2. The new technology includes new privacy protection

Is it not harmful?

In medicalTerahertz radiation can also detect differences in

water content and density of a tissue. Such methods could allow effective detection of epithelial cancer with a safer and less invasive or painful system using imaging. Some frequencies of terahertz radiation can be used for 3D imaging of teeth and may be more accurate and safer than conventional X-ray imaging in dentistry.

REFERENCES

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thz

seminarprojects.com/s/seminar-report-on-Thz

technopits.blogspot.comtechnology.cgap.org/2012/01/a-Thz-world

the-gadgeteer.com/2011/08/Thz

Any

Queries???

AND

SUGGESTIONS