Telecommunication (bhel)

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LOCATION WHERE BHEL IS

WHAT IS BHEL

HISTORY OF BHEL

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FIRST PLANT AT BHOPAL IN 1956

IN HARIDWAR

IN HYDERABAD

IN TIRUCHIRAPPALLI

IN DELHI

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COMES UNDER UTTARAKHAND STATE

LOCATED NEAR HARIDWAR

SITUATED IN RANIPUR AREA

HILLS AREA & PEACEFULL ENVIRONMENT

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BHEL STANDS FOR “BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LIMITED”. BHEL IS A PUBLIC SECTOR ENTERPRISE

BHEL COMES WITHIN ‘NAVRATNA’ COMPANIES AFTER 1997.

BHEL IS ONLY ONE COMPANY TO MAKE SIMULATORS FOR P0WER PLANTS,DEFENSE & OTHER APPLICATIONS

BHEL OFFERED RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE LIKE WIND ELECTRIC GENERATOR SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM etc.

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THE FIRST PLANT OF BHEL WAS SETUP AT BHOPAL IN 1956.

BHEL POWER GENRATION THROUGH THERMAL , GAS , HYDRO & NUCLEAR POWER PLANT IS 65% OF THE TOTAL CAPICITY IN THE COUNTRY

BHEL PROVIDES 1000 MW UNIT RATING THERMAL SETS, 240 MW GAS TURBINE GENERATOR & 235 TO 500 MW NUCLEAR TURBINE GENERATOR.

THIS COMPANY IS THE MAJOR PRODUCER OF LARGER SIZE THYRISTOR DEVICES.

BHEL HAS ATTAINED ISO 9000 CERTIFICATION FOR QUALITY MANAGEMENT & ISO 14001 CERTIFICATION FOR EVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT.

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POWER GENERATION POWER TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION. TRANSPORTATION TELECOMMUNICATION DEFENCE

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1. TO BECOME WORLD CLASS ENGINEERING INTERPRISE2. TO SATISFY CUSTOMER NEEDS

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1. INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION

2. INTRODUCTION TO TELECOMMUNICATION

3. ELECTRONIC EXCHANGES

4. TELEPHONE LINES

5. CONNECTION TYPE

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COMMUNICATION IS A PROCESS OF SHARING INFORMATION B/W TRANSMITTER & RECEIVER

COMMUNICATION IS THE NECESSITY FOR EACH HUMAN BEING TO BE CONNECTED WITH EACH OTHER

TELEPHONES IS RAPIDLY BECOMING TOOL FOR THIS PURPOSE

SOURCE

RECEIVER

I/P TRANSDUCER

O/P TANSDUCER

TRASMITTER CHENN

EL NO

ISE

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DIFFERENT COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENTS ASSEMBELD TOGETHER TO FORM COMMUNICATION SYSTEM.

SOME EXAMPLE OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEM :-

1. LINE TELEPHONY & LINE TELEGRAPHY2. RADIO TELEPHONY & RADIO TELEGRAPHY 3. RADIO BROADCASTING4. MOBILE COMMUNICATION5. COMPUTER COMMUNICATION6. RADAR COMM.7. TELEVISION BROADCASTING8. RADIO AIDS TO AIRCRAFT LANDING e.t.c.

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ON THE BASES OF CHANNEL…

1.LINE COMM.

2. WIRELESS OR RADIO COMM.

ON THE BASIS OF SIGNAL

1. ANALOG COMM.

2. DIGITAL COMM.

TELEPHONECOAXIAL

CABLE

OPTICAL FIBER

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TELECOMM. IS A FAR COMMUNICATION PROCESS IN WHICH MODULATION OF MESSAGE IS REQUIRED.

TELECOMMUNICATION IS BASICALY COMMUNICATION DONE THROUGH TELEPHONES

IMP. TERMS-

CALLING SUBSCRIBER---- WHO MAKES CALL CALLED SUBSCRIBER---- WHO RECEIVE CALL

TYPES OF TELEPHONY SYSTEM-

1. AUTOMATIC TELEPHONY SYSTEM (A.T.S ) 2. MANUAL TELEPHONY SYSTEM ( M.T.S )

( A.T.S ) ARE USED NOW A DAYS MORE THAN ( M.T.S ).

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1. DIAL TONE –WHEN HANDSET IS PICKED UP FROM THE CRADLE THIS TONE HEARED IF A FREE LINE IS AVAILABLE.THIS TONE IS A CONTINOUS BURBLE SOUND OF 400Hz MODULATED BY 25 Hz.

2. BUSY TONE-CALLED SUBSCRIBER ENGAGED WITH OTHER CALL. THIS TONE IS A CONTINOUS OF 400Hz, GENERALLY ON FOR 0.75 sec & OF FOR 0.75sec.

3. RINGING TONE-THIS TONE IS A CONTINOUS BURBLE SOUND OF 400Hz MODULATED BY 25 Hz.

4. NUMBER UNOBTAINED TONE- DIALED NUMBER CONNECTION NOT PRESENT IN EXCHANGE.

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1. TONE TYPE- 1. SINE WAVE ARE USED 2. DIALING SPEED IS MORE

2. PULSE TYPE- 1. SQUARE WAVE IS USED 2. DIALING SPEED IS LESSER

BOTH TYPE ARE INTEGRATED IN A SINGLE MACHINE

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FROM TELEPHONE EXCHANGE TWO WIRES OR CONNECTIONS ARE RUN , IN WHICH ONE IS NEUTRAL AND OTHER IS MAIN OR POSITIVE

TELEPHONE EXCHANGE SUPPLIES 40-60 VOLT DC TO OPERATE THIS CKT.

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INTERNAL CABELS OF SUITABLE CONDUCTOR B/W FOLLOWING STAGES ARE NECESSARY-

1.HANDSET TO EXCHANGE’s CABLE CHAMBER2.CABLE CHAMBER TO M.D.F.3.M.D.F. TO I.D.F.4.I.D.F. TO NUMBER BLOCK5.NUMBER BLOCK TO EXCHANGE EQUIPMENT6.B/W TWO EXCHANGES7.B/W TWO CITIES8.B/W TWO COUNTRIES

M.D.F & I.D.FM.D.F & I.D.F M.D.F : • M.D.F is place where both external and internal cables are

terminated. The external individuals cable carry conductors from subscriber. & the internal cable conductors come from apparatus.

• It carries all the protectors used in the exchange. The different protectors that are used are (a) Fuses, (b) Heat coils, and (c) lightning protectors.

I.D.F :• These frames like M.D.F. consists of a large number of verticals

with horizontal cross-arms fitted with tag blocks at both the ends.• The cable from M.D.F. is terminated on the multiple sides from

where connections are extended to metering and from the exchange side cables are run to the respected line-cards. 18

M.D.FM.D.F

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1. RINGING SECTION- TILL THE HANDSET IS ON HOOK THE RINGING SECTION IS ON THROUGH TELEPHONE LINE

2. DIALING & SPEECH SECTION- ON LIFTING THE HANDSET THE DIAL TONE IS RECEIVED WHICH AMPLIFIED BY THE AMPLIFIER OF SPEECH SECTION

3. BILLING METER SECTION- WHEN CALLED SUBSCRIBER PICKS UP THE HANDSET THE BILLING METER BECOMES ACTIVE

4. PULSE COUNTER & CONVERTER SECTION- COUNTER COUNT THE PULSE & CONVERT THEM INTO CALLS

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IN TELEPHONE DIALING TWO TYPE OF FREQUERNCIES ARE USED

1.HIGH BAND FREQUENCY (1216Hz TO1245Hz ) THE NUMBER FROM 6 TO 9 & 0 FALLS IN HIGH BAND

2.LOW BAND FREQUENCY (701 Hz TO 936 Hz) THE NUMBER 1 TO 5 FALLS IN LOW BAND

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1. 40 TO 60 VOLT DC ALWAYS REMAIN IN NORMAL TELEPHONE LINE

2. 9 TO 12 VOLT WHEN HANDSET IS PICKED UP

3. 75 TO 110 VOLT DC AT THE INSTANT OF RINGING SIGNAL

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THREE TYPES OF TELEPHONE LINES :

1. MAX LINE- FOR INTERNAL COMMUNICATION LINK IN BHEL

2. PABX-USED FOR BOTH INTERNAL & EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION LINK IN BHEL

3. DOT LINE- THESE LINE ARE DIRECT TELEPHONE LINE

• In an exchange, based upon the number of conductor pairs, following types of cables are used:

• Single Pair cable• 2 Pairs cable• 5 Pairs cable• 10 Pairs cable• 20 Pairs cable• 50 Pairs cable• 100 Pairs cable

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CABLESCABLES

COLOUR CODINGCOLOUR CODING TYPE COLOR OF WIRES• Single pair BLUE-White• 2 Pair cable Blue-White/Orange-White• 5 Pair cable Blue-White/Orange-White/Green-White/Brown- White/Gray-White• 10 Pair cable Blue-White/Orange-White/Green-White/Brown- White/Gray-White/Blue-Red/Orange-Red/Green- Red/Brown-Red/Gray-Red • 20 Pair cable Blue-White/Orange-White/Green-White/Brown-White/Gray-White/Blue-White-

Blue/Orange-White-Blue/Green-White-Blue/Brown-White-Blue/Gray-White-Blue/Blue-White-Orange/Orange-White-Orange/Green-White-Orange/Brown-White-Orange/Gray-White-Orange/Blue-White-Green/Orange-White-Green/Green-White-Green/Brown-White-Green/Gray-White-Green.

• For 100 pairs cable the color-coding is same as that of the above 20 pairs cable except that the mate color is changed after each bunch of 20 pairs.

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