kishan dwivedi

Design and assessment of low cost water treatment plant for

rural communities

Bishwajit N.(13UCE004)Somorjit Y.(13UCE012)Sumenri Th.(13UCE016)Kishan D. (13UCE017)

SupervisorDr. P. Albino Kumar, Assistant Professor, Civil EngineeringDr. Thiyam Tamphasana Devi, Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering

Department of Civil Engineering

January 2017

B.Tech Project Presentation

INTRODUCTIONWater CrisisDistribution of water on Earth

Source of water in Manipur- river, lakes, ponds, springs etc.

Arsenic was found only in KAKCHING district and THOUBAL district. But arsenic concentration was very high & varies between 798-986 µg/L.

Arsenic in Manipur

SN Location pH Iron (mg/L)

Arsenic (µg/L)

1 Thoubal Khunyai

7.3 1.95 986

2 Kakching Market

7.5 0.74 858

3 Thoubal Ningthou Leikai

7.6 4.72 798

Reference:

According to World Bank, India’s annual average rainfall was 1,083 mm in 2014.

Manipur receives annual rainfall of 1,467.5 millimetres (57.78 in).

Manipur’s rainfall higher than the India’s average rainfall – still water scarcity occur

Rainfall

Water scarcity in Manipur The scarcity of water originated within an increase in population pressure on land. As areas. Population per census of India 2011, about 32% of the people of Manipur live in urban areas that comprises of less than 1% of the total state geographical pressure on land is rapidly increasing particularly in urban areas due to migration from rural to urban areas. As a result the demand for water increases correspondingly to an increase in urban population. The 2011 census data reveals that about

37% of the household in Manipur fetch drinking water away from their home premises. The rural people spend their time and energy in fetching water away from their premises.

Bad culture and bad habit of water usage. People wash and take a shower inside the source of water. The same water is used for drinking and cooking, mainly in valley areas.

Destroying natural pond, lake, stagnant water area for construction and residential area.

Causes of water scarcity No proper water management Deforestation- destroying trees and forest. Depleting rain catchment areas which leads unable to hold

rain water longer in the soil. Pollution- dumping garbage in the rivers and canals,

contamination of ground and underground water by pesticide, insecticide etc.

Ceramic filtersClay, sawdust and a plastic bucket can make a water filter that catches dirt and disease-causing microbes

Bamboo CharcoalCharcoal, bamboo, gravel and natural adsorbents.  “The process we propose is indigenous, eco-friendly, low cost and entails minimum maintenance,” the team writes in their workspace.

Bone char filtrationThe application of bone char can be traced back to the 18th century. It is a form of charcoal containing calcium  phosphate and calcium carbonate.

Solar distillationSolar distillation purifies even muddy, salty or otherwise undrinkable water through evaporation and condensation.

Low cost treatment Techniques

Slow sand filtrationcombination of several parts: water storage tanks, an aerator, pre-filters, slow sand filters, disinfection stages, and filtered water storage tanks.

advantage of working on an entire community’s water source, not just individual households.

MechanismBiological layer formation (Dirty Skin or Schmutzdecke)Mechanical strainingAdsorption

• Reconnaissance of village site.

• Estimation of water demand.

• Identification of suitable low cost treatment and its application.

• Design of water treatment plant Structural design Technical filter design

• Assessment of existing water treatment plant

Objectives

REFERENCE Journal of Environment Resource & Development, 2015

Kangla Source .