CCNA FUNDAMENTAL

WHAT IS CCNA…??WHAT IS CCNA…??

A-set Training and Research Institute

CONTENTSCONTENTSA-set Training and Research Institute

CISCO ICONS AND SYMBOLSCISCO ICONS AND SYMBOLS

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PROJECTPROJECT

IP ADDRESSINGIP ADDRESSING

ROUTERROUTER

ROUTER AS A COMPUTERROUTER AS A COMPUTERData is sent in form of packets between 2 end

devicesRouters are used to direct packet to its destination

IP ROUTING..IP ROUTING..

RIP(ROUTING INFORMATION RIP(ROUTING INFORMATION PROTOCOL)PROTOCOL)

RIP SETUPRIP SETUP

COMMANDS USED..COMMANDS USED..

COMMANDS USED BY RIPCOMMANDS USED BY RIPCommand Command’s purpose

Rtr(config)#router rip Enables RIP routing process

Rtr(config-router)#network Associates a network with a RIP routing process

Rtr#debug ip rip used to view real time RIP routing updates

Rtr(config-router)#passive-interface fa0/0 Prevent RIP updates from going out an interface

Rtr#show ip protocols Used to display timers used by RIP

FRAME-RELAYFRAME-RELAYFrame Relay is packet-switched technology.

Frame Relay follows principle of packet-switched technology. Packet-switched networks allow dynamically share the network medium and the available bandwidth to the end to end stations

DLCI(DATA LINK CONNECTION IDENTIFIER) & LMI DLCI(DATA LINK CONNECTION IDENTIFIER) & LMI (LOCAL MANAGEMENT INTERFACE)…(LOCAL MANAGEMENT INTERFACE)…

COMMANDS USEDCOMMANDS USED

ACLS (ACCESS CONTROL ACLS (ACCESS CONTROL LISTS)LISTS)

ACLs are lists of conditions that are applied to traffic traveling across a router's interface.  These lists tell the router what types of packets to accept or deny. Acceptance and denial can be based on specified conditions.

ACLs can be configured at the router to control access to a network or subnet.

ACLs must be defined on a per-protocol, per direction, or per port basis.

There are three types of ACLs 1. Standard 2. Extended 3. Named

REASONS TO CREATE REASONS TO CREATE ACLSACLS1. Limit network traffic and increase network performance.

2. Provide traffic flow control. 3. Provide a basic level of security for network access. 4. Decide which types of traffic are forwarded or blocked at the router interfaces. For example: Permit e-mail traffic to be routed, but block all telnet traffic. 5. Allow an administrator to control what areas a client can access on a network. 6. If ACLs are not configured on the router, all packets passing through the router will be allowed onto all parts of the network.

NATTranslates between local addresses and public onesMany private hosts share few global addresses

Public NetworkUses public addresses

Public addresses are globally unique

Private NetworkUses private address range (local addresses)Local addresses may not be used externally

NAT: Network Address TranslatorNAT: Network Address Translator

NETWORK SWITCHES..NETWORK SWITCHES.. A network switch is a small hardware

device that joins multiple computers together within one Local Area Network(LAN). Technically switches operate at Data-link Layer. These are almost like HUBS. But unlike HUBS network switches are capable of inspecting data as it is recieved, determining the source and destination device of each packet, and forwarding them appropriately.

VLAN (VIRTUAL LAN)VLAN (VIRTUAL LAN)VLAN provides Virtual Segmentation of

Broadcast Domain in the network. The devices, which are member of same Vlan, are able to communicate with each other.

The devices of different Vlan may communicate with each other with routing called Inter Vlan Communication.

VLAN TRUNKING PROTOCOL VLAN TRUNKING PROTOCOL (VTP)(VTP)

With the help of VTP, we can simplify the process of creating Vlan. In multiple switches, we can configure one switch as VTP server and all other switches will be configured as VTP client. We will create Vlans on VTP server switch.

INTER VLAN

SERVER SWITCHSERVER SWITCH

CLIENT SWITCHCLIENT SWITCH