Brain Computer Interface (Bci)

BY : D. PAVAN KUMAR (12E51A0439)

HITAM

Technical Seminar

Brain Computer Interface

Under the Esteemed guidance of Mr Vinod Kumar Ahuja, M.Tech, Assistant Professor. Department of ECE.

ABSTRACT:• The human brain is of the size of a deflated volleyball

which weighs about 3 pounds. We live at a time when the disabled are on the leading edge of a broader societal trend toward the use of assistive technology known as Brain Computer Interface.• Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a collaboration between

a brain and a device that enables signals from the brain to direct some external activity, such as control of a cursor or a prosthetic limb.

• The interface enables a direct communications pathway between the brain and the object to be controlled with the advent of miniature wireless tech, electronic gadgets have stepped up the invasion of the body through innovative techniques.

WHAT IS BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE

• Brain Computer Interface is a direct technological interface between a brain & a computer system not requires a motor output from the user. • It is also known as Direct Neural Interface (DNI) & Brain – Machine Interface (BMI).• Brain-computer interface is an electrode chip which

can be implemented in the brain through surgical procedure.

• When it is implemented in brain the electrical signal exchanged by neurons within the brain are sent to the computer and then the computer is controlled by person.

PRINCIPLE OF BCI :

• This technology is based on to sense, transmit, analyze and apply the language of neurons.

• It consist of a sensor that is implanted in the motor cortex of the brain and a device that analyses brain signals.

• The signals generated by brain are interpreted and translated into cursor movement on computer screen to control the computer.

• It consists of a silicon array about the size of an Aspirin tablet that contains about 100 electrodes each thinner than a human hair.

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF BCI SYSTEM

OBJECTIVES OF BCI

• The goal of the Brain-Computer Interface is to develop a fast and reliable connection between the brain of a severely disabled person and a personal computer . • The ‘Brain Gate’ device can provide paralysed or motor-

impaired patients a mode of communication through the translation of thought into direct computer control.

HOW BCI WORKS

Electrode

Human brain

BCI VERSUS NEUROPROSTHETICS

• Neuroprosthetics typically connect the nervous system to a device, whereas BCIs usually connect the nervous system with a computer system.• Practical neuroprosthetics can be linked to any part of

the nervous system for example, peripheral nerves.• While the term "BCI" usually designates a narrower

class of systems which interface with the central nervous system.

TYPES OF BCI’S

• Invasive BCI : Invasive BCIs are implanted directly into the grey matter of the brain during neurosurgery.

• Non Invasive BCI : Non-Invasive BCIs do not involve neurosurgery. They are just like wearable virtual reality devices.

• Partially Invasive BCI : Partially invasive BCI devices are implanted inside the skull but rest outside the brain rather than within the grey matter.

BCI RESEARCH ON ANIMALS• At first, rats were implanted with BCI .• Signals recorded from the cerebral cortex of rat operate BCI to

carry out the movement.• Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh had demonstrated on a

monkey that can feed itself with a robotic arm simply by using signals from its brain.

BCI ON HUMANS• In December 7, 2004, brain-computer interface had been clinically

tested on a human by an American biotech company Cyberkinetics.• The first participant in these trials was a 25-year-old man who had

sustained a spinal cord injury leading to paralysis in all four limbs.• Over a period of nine months, he took part in 57 sessions during which

the implanted Brain Gate sensor recorded activity in his motor cortex region while he imagined moving his paralyzed limbs and then used that imagined motion for several computer-based tasks such as, moving a computer cursor to open e-mail, draw shapes and play simple video games.

 ADVANTAGES OF BCI

• This technology allows paralyzed people to control prosthetic limbs with their mind.

• This transmit visual images to the mind of a blind person, allowing them to see and also transmit auditory data to the mind of a deaf person, allowing them to hear.

• This Technology allows gamers to control video games with their minds.

• This also allows a mute person to have their thoughts displayed and spoken by a computer.

DISADVANTAGES

• At present ,the biggest impediment of BCI technology is the lack of sensor modality that provides safe, accurate, and robust access to brain signals.

• The current technology is crude and very expensive.• Electrodes outside of the skull can detect very few electric signals from

the brain and Information transformation rate is limited to 20 bits/min.• Electrodes placed inside the skull create scar tissue in the brain.

FUTURE SCOPE

• Wireless implants In brain. • Injectable implants.• Brain to brain communication.• Decode non-motor brain signals.• Researchers of the Carleton University , Canada believe that the same

interface could form the basis of a mind-controlled password system.

CONCLUSION• The results of BCI are spectacular and almost unbelievable.

• BCI can help paralyzed people to move by controlling their own electric wheelchairs, to communicate by using e-mail and Internet-based phone systems, and to be independent by controlling items such as televisions and electrical appliances.

• Conclusively, BCI has proved to be a boon for paralyzed patients.

• Futurists predict that superhuman artificial intelligence won't be far behind.

ANY QUERIES

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THANK YOU