Bio computing

Bio ComputingAbdullah FarhadMCSCE,1st Semester

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Topics

Bio Computing DNA DNA computing Conventional vs DNA computer Application

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Why Bio Computing ??

Moore’s Law states that silicon microprocessor complexity will double in every 18 months.

One day this will no longer hold true when miniaturization limits are reached.

Solving complex problems which today's supercomputers are unable to perform in stipulated period of time.

Require a Successor to Silicon

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BIOLOGICAL COMPUTERS

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What is Biological Computing?

Biological Computing means such a computing process which use synthesized biological components to store and manipulate data analogous to processes in the human body.

The result is small ; faster computing process that operates with great accuracy.

Main biological component used in Biological Computing is : DNA

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What is DNA? DNA Stands for DeOxyRiboNucleicAcid. A hereditary material found in almost all

living organisms. Located inside the nucleus of a cell. Helps in long term storage

of information. DNA is stored as a

code made of four chemical bases(A,T,G ,C).

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Structure of DNA The two strands

of DNA molecule are anti parallel where each strand runs in opposite direction.

Complementary base pairs Adenine(A) &Thymine(T)

Guanine(G)&Cytosine(C)

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Graphical Representation of Inherent bonding properties of DNA

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What is a DNA Computer?

INVENTOR :Dr. Leonard Adleman

DNA computer is a molecular computer that works biochemically to solve complex problems and different possible solutions are created all at once.

It computes using enzymes that react with DNA strands and cause chain reactions.

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Evolution of the DNA Computer(2)

DNA computer moved from test tubes on to gold plates

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Evolution of the DNA Computer(3)First Practical DNA computer

unveiled in 2002 , used in gene analysis.

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Evolution of the DNA Computer(4)

Self powered DNA computer unveiled in 2003.o First programmable autonomous

computing machine in which the input,output,software and hardware are all made of DNA molecules.

o Can perform a billion operations per second with 99.8% accuracy

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Properties of a DNA computer

Dense data storage.Massively parallel

computation.Extraordinary energy

efficiency.

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How Dense is the Data Storage?

1 gram of DNA =2.2 Petabytes

1 PB = 1000000000000000B = 1015bytes = 1000 terabytes.

Photo: European Molecular Biology Laboratory

Nick Goldman

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How Dense is the Data Storage?(Continuous……….)

The number of CDs required to hold this amount of information, lined up edge to edge, would circle the Earth 375 times, and would take1630 centuries to listen to.

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How Enormous is the Parallelism?

A test tube of DNA can contain trillions of strands. Each operation on a test tube of DNA is carried out on all strands in the tube in parallel !

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How Extraordinary is the Energy Efficiency?Modern supercomputers =

109 operations/jouleDNA computer = 2*10^19

operations/joule

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Conventional vs. Biological Computers

Conventional BiologicalComponentmaterials

Inorganic, e.g. silicon

Biological,e.g.DNA

Processing scheme

Sequential and limited massively parallel

Massively parallel

Energy efficient ?

No Yes

Quantum effects a problem?

Yes No

Toxic components?

Yes No

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Advantages of DNA computers

Cheap resource & plentiful supply.

DNA biochips can be made cleanly so no toxic materials are used.

Many times smaller in size than current Computers.

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Advantages(Continuous...)

Taiwan introduces world's 1st DNA chip

They are planning to use this Chip on ID card to crack down frauds using fake ID cards.

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Disadvantages

Not completely accurate at this moment in time.During an operation, 95% chance a particular DNA molecule will “Compute” correctly.

DNA has a Half life Solutions could dissolve away before the end result is found

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Applications of DNA computing

DNA chipsCryptographyGenetic

ProgrammingMedical Application

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Conclusion

DNA computers showing enormous potential, especially for medical purposes as well as data processing applications.

Still a lot of work and resources required to develop it into a fully fledged product.

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Reference• http://www.neatorama.com/2013/01/23/Each-Gram-of-

DNA-Holds-Half-a-Million-DVDs/#!GuIF3• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_computer• http://sgugenetics.pbworks.com/w/page/47747543/DNA

%20Microarray%20Manufacture1• http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/labs/microarray/• http://www.transcriptome.ens.fr/sgdb/presentation/

principle.php#data_analysis• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_microarray• http://www.slideshare.net/TJPetry/

BIOInspiredComputingFinalVersion

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