Updated Keynote Slides (November, 2014)

Dr. Cable GreenDirector of

Global Learningcable@creativecommons.org

twitter: @cgreen

Open Education: The Moral, Business & Policy Case for OER

Dr. Cable GreenDirector of Global Learningcable@creativecommons.or

g@cgreen

Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Why are we educators?

Children Reading Pratham Books and Akshara By Ryan Lobo http://www.flickr.com/photos/prathambooks/3291617463 CC BY

What are the trends?

(1) Demand for Higher Education

“Nearly one-third of the world’s population (29.3%) is under 15. Today there are 158 million people enrolled in tertiary education1. Projections suggest that that participation will peak at 263 million2 in 2025. Accommodating the additional 105 million students would require more than four major universities (30,000 students) to open every week for the next fifteen years.

1 ISCED levels 5 & 6 UNESCO Institute of Statistics figures2 British Council and IDP Australia projections

By: COL http://www.col.org/SiteCollectionDocuments/JohnDaniel_2008_3x5.jpg

(2) Student Debt / Perceived Value

(3) Affordances of Digital Things

Cost of “Copy”

For one 250 page book:

• Copy by hand - $1,000

• Copy by print on demand - $4.90

• Copy by computer - $0.00084

CC BY: David Wiley, BYU

Cost of “Distribute”

For one 250 page book:

• Distribute by mail - $5.20• $0 with print-on-demand (2000+ copies)

• Distribute by internet - $0.00072

CC BY: David Wiley, BYU

Copy and Distribute (and storage) are “Free”

This changes everything

CC BY: David Wiley, BYU

Movies, TV Shows, Songs, and Textbooks

Movies and TV Shows:• Amazon Prime – $6.59/month

($79/year) for access to 10,000 movies and TV shows

• Netflix – $7.99/month for access to 20,000 movies and TV shows

• Hulu Plus – $7.99/month for access to 45,000 movies and TV shows

CC BY: David Wiley: http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/2348

Movies, TV Shows, Songs, and Textbooks

Music:• Spotify – $9.99/month for access

to 15 million songs• Rhapsody – $14.99/month for

access to 14 million songs

CC BY: David Wiley: http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/2348

CC BY ND / Delta Initiative / http://tinyurl.com/bw3ztnt

(4) Open Educational Resources

including:open textbooks

Nonprofit organizationFree copyright licenses

Founded in 2001Operates worldwide

Step 1: Choose Conditions

Attribution

ShareAlike

NonCommercial

NoDerivatives

Step 2: Receive a License

most free

least freeNot OER

OER

Wikipedia: Over 77,000 contributors working on over 22 million articles in 285 languages

175+ Million CC Licensed Photos on Flickr

29

30

CERN releases photos under a Creative Commons License CC-BY-SA

Europeana: 30M metadata items under CC0, 5 million digital object with PDM and 2.8 million digital objects under one of the CC licenses

http://www.flickr.com/photos/22240293@N05/3735172478/in/set-72157621681117648 By: Francisco Diez

Higher Ed

Primary

Open Educational Resources (OER)

OER are teaching, learning, and research

materials in any medium that reside in the public domain or have been

released under an open license that permits their free use and re-purposing

by others.

FREE+

LEGAL RIGHTS:REUSEREVISEREMIX

REDISTRIBUTERETAIN

Credit: Nicole Allen, SPARC / See www.opencontent.org for full definition.

Image © from http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/28/showbiz/heat-director-buddy-

cop

Adaptation by Nicole Allen, SPARC, CC BY

DONE READING?

GOOD

Translations & Accessibility

Customization & Affordability

/ Open Textbooks

(Article): University Business: College textbook forecast: Radical change aheadhttp://www.universitybusiness.com/article/college-textbook-forecast-radical-change-ahead

Source http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-13-368

Expand availability and discoverability of OER

Expand adoption, adaptation and building of OER

Nicole Allen, SPARC: CC BY

A Growing Library

CC BY: OpenStax College

$30 MILLION+ SAVED!

CC BY: OpenStax College

There is a direct relationship between textbook costs and student success

60%+ do not purchase textbooks at some point due to cost

50% take fewer courses due to textbook cost

31% choose not to register for a course due to textbook cost

23% regularly go without textbooks due to cost

14% have dropped a course due to textbook cost

10% have withdrawn from a course due to textbook cost

Source: 2012 student survey by Florida Virtual Campus

www.projectkaleidoscope.org

The Vision

100% of students have

100% free, digital access to all materials on day 1

Drive student success by designing, adopting, measuring and improving OER-based courses

www.projectkaleidoscope.org

How are your students supposed to learn

with materials they can’t afford and are

not buying?

Received funding to provide faculty development on your campus:- The impacts of high textbook

costs- Open textbooks as a solution- Stipends for faculty reviews

of open textbooks

What can you do?

The Open Textbook InitiativeUniversity of Minnesota

For more information: http://z.umn.edu/opentextbooks

Typical Results with Lumen

$ Cut total spend on textbooks by 90%

Measurable increase (5-10%) in student success Open licensing

of all new contentData-driven course updates

Smooth faculty transition to open contentStudent

access to materials from day 1

Adapted from slides by David Wiley available under CC BY at http:// www.slideshare.net/

opencontent

CC-BY licensed textbooks for 110 university courses

• We must get rid of our “not invented here” attitude regarding others’ content–move to: "proudly borrowed from

there"

• Content is not a strategic advantage

• Nor can we (or our students) afford it

WA Community Colleges:

English Composition I

• 60,000+ enrollments / year

• x $175 textbook

• = $10.5 Million every year

English Composition I

• 55,000+ enrollments / year

• x $175 textbook

• = $9.6+ Million every year

Insa

ne

http

://openco

urse

libra

ry.org

Does it make any sense WA State and K-12 Districts together spend $130M/yearon textbooks and the results are:• Books are (on average) 7-10 years out

of date• Paper only / no digital versions.• Students can’t write / highlight in

books• Students can’t keep books at end

of year• All rights reserved… teachers can’t

update• Parents pay for lost paper books…

(5) Open Policy

Current research funding cycle does not maximize dissemination, economic efficiency, social impact

Government RFPs

announced, research grants

awarded

Scientific research

conducted and papers written

Articles submitted to journals and peer review

occurs

Acceptance in journals; authors

transfer copyright to publishers

Articles published in

mainly closed access journals

Libraries subscribe or

public pays per article fee to

view on publisher's

website

Public granted little or no reuse

rights beyond access to read

articles

Slow scientific progress, poor

return on public investment

Optimized research funding cycle maximizes public access, economic efficiency, social impact

Government RFPs

announced, open license requirements

included, research grants

awarded

Scientific research

conducted and papers written

Acceptance in journals; public access policy

ensures deposit in open

repository

Articles published in traditional

journals under embargo

Public can download

articles from open access repository

Public granted full reuse rights

under open licenses

Accelerated scientific progress,

optimal return on public

investment

Articles submitted to journals and peer review

occurs

When the Marginal Cost of Sharing is $0…

- educators have an ethical obligation to share

- governments need to get maximum ROI by requiring publicly funded resources be openly licensed resources

- governments and educators need openly licensed content: (a) so you can revise & remix (b) buying and maintaining is cheaper than leasing (w/time bombs)

White House issues directive supporting public access to publicly funded research

$450 million – Round 4($2 billion over four years)

California Community Colleges require Creative Commons

Attribution for Chancellor’s Office Grants & Contracts

Publicly funded resources should be openly licensed resources.

openpolicynetwork.org

Institute for Open Leadership

1st Institute: January, 2015

massive change By: sookie http://www.flickr.com/photos/sookie/31219031

CC BY

U.S. House Appropriations Committee draft FY2012 Labor, Health and Human Services funding bill

SEC. 124. None of the funds made available by this Act for the Department of Labor may be used to develop new courses, modules, learning materials, or projects in carrying out education or career job training grant programs unless the Secretary of Labor certifies, after a comprehensive market-based analysis, that such courses, modules, learning materials, or projects are not otherwise available for purchase or licensing in the marketplace or under development for students who require them to participate in such education or career job training grant programs.

http://appropriations.house.gov/UploadedFiles/FY_2012_Final_LHHSE.pdf

U.S. House Appropriations Committee draft FY2012 Labor, Health and Human Services funding bill

SEC. 124. None of the funds made available by this Act for the Department of Labor may be used to develop new courses, modules, learning materials, or projects in carrying out education or career job training grant programs unless the Secretary of Labor certifies, after a comprehensive market-based analysis, that such courses, modules, learning materials, or projects are not otherwise available for purchase or licensing in the marketplace or under development for students who require them to participate in such education or career job training grant programs.

http://appropriations.house.gov/UploadedFiles/FY_2012_Final_LHHSE.pdf

Defeate

d

Faculty: My asks of you:

(1) Before you order your textbook(s)for next semester… please lookat Open Textbooks (e.g., OpenStax)and other OER.(2) What OER can you reuse, revise,remix from others?(3) License your works with CC!

College Leadership: My ask of you:

• Add OER / OA to strategic plans• Open Policy on discretionary grants• Support faculty: time/money/PD• Make this a Univ-wide conversation• Make heroes out of open leaders• Track & report cost savings, KPIs• CC licenses on your MOOCs

KPIs

• $ saved when a course section / course / department moves to open textbooks

• faculty time saved when sharing OER across the college / system

• tuition $ gained if fewer students drop during the add/drop period (in courses with open textbooks / open curriculum)

• course completion rates• reduced time to degree• course outcomes / proficiency• other metrics / KPIs important to the system /

college

College Leadership: My ask of you:

• Add OER / OA to strategic plans• Open Policy on discretionary grants• Support faculty: time/money/PD• Make this a Univ-wide conversation• Make heroes out of open leaders• Track & report cost savings, KPIs• CC licenses on your MOOCs

November 19-21 | Washington, D.C.

www.openedconference.org

the opposite of open isn’t “closed”

the opposite of open is “broken”

Attribution: John Wilbanks

Get Creative Commons Updates

bit.ly/commonsnews

Dr. Cable GreenDirector of

Global Learningcable@creativecommons.org

twitter: @cgreen

Credits

● Open Policy Network slides – from Tim Vollmer @ Creative

Commons

● Big idea Icon - from the Noun Project, Public Domain

● Blueprint Icon - by Dimitry Sokolov, from The Noun Project -

CC BY

● Check List Icon - by fabrice dubuy, from The Noun Project -

CC BY

● Hackathon - by Iconathon 2012 - CC0

● Question Icon - by Rémy Médard, from The Noun Project - CC

BY

5 Challenges of OER (for this afternoon):

(1) Faculty Doesn't Know what To Do with OER(2) Not Everyone Trusts Free Resources(3) Expectations Around OER Quality are High(4) Institutional Processes Aren't Always Flexible(5) No Effective Discovery and Assessment OER Toolhttp://campustechnology.com/Articles/2013/04/24/5-Hurdles-to-OER-Adoption.aspx?Page=2

Principles• Policy is a solution to a

problem, not an end in itself• Passing policy is only half of

the battle, implementation is what makes it work

• Policy is not the equivalent of changing culture CC BY: Nicole Allen: SPARC

Making the Case• Know where stakeholders

stand (faculty, bookstore, college, publishers), and partner with students – your best ally

• Focus on the local impacts of OER and have data to back it up

• Keep explanations of OER simple

CC BY: Nicole Allen: SPARC

What You Can Do

• Educate legislators (federal and state) on the public policy case for OER

• Consider how OER can fit into YOUR legislative agenda

• Watch for OER legislation and opportunities (both good and bad)

CC BY: Nicole Allen: SPARC

Policy• Ensure publicly funded resources are

openly licensed• Create programs that directly advance

OER• Induce or call for action on OER• Create or change policy frameworks

that enable advancement on OER

CC BY: Nicole Allen: SPARC

OER Enhances Academic Freedom

• OER provides faculty with more choices for their courses

• OER allows for permission free editing and adaptation

• OER prevents faculty from being locked into a particular platform or system

At the course level:

In the market place:

• OER should not be legislated or mandated• OER needs to stand on it’s own vis a vis publisher

material

CC BY: OpenStax College

X Limits access

Digital Rights Management:

Open Licenses:

Unlimited Access (never expires) Unlimited printing/use across devices Encourages sharing on informal learning networks

Digital Rights Management

CC BY: OpenStax College

Neelie Kroes

Vice-President of the European Commission responsible for the Digital Agenda

WCIT'10 - Press-conference of Neelie Kroes by: WCIT2010 is licensed CC BY 2.0: https://www.flickr.com/photos/centralasian/4644968977/ Notes from speech at OKFN 2014: Embracing the open opportunity: http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_SPEECH-14-556_en.htm

CC BY-NC-ND046: Rule #2: See Rule #1 By: William Couchhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/wcouch/2268610556

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• Efficient use of public funds to increase student success and access to quality educational materials.

• Everything else (including all existing business models) is secondary.

Only ONE thing Matters:

• Expand access to high-

quality materials• Support faculty choice

and development• Improve student success

Community College Consortium for OER (CCCOER)

http://oerconsortium.org

Come In, We're Open gary simmons cc-by-nc-sa flickr

Join our Community of OER Experts

• Collaborate on OER• Monthly webinars

NOV 12: OPEN PEDAGOGY

DEC 10: OER RESEARCH• Finding open textbooks workshops• Ensuring online accessibility• Gathering faculty and student feedback

http://oerconsortium.org

250+ colleges in 18 states/provinces