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JointsBasics
TyPES OF JOINTS...❖ fibrous or fixed joints ❖Cartilaginous or slightly moveable joints ❖ Synovial or freely moveable joints
fibrous joints ➢ When no movement occurs between the
bones concerned, the joint is described as fibrous (or fixed or immovable ).
➢ The bones are held in place by fibrous connective tissue.
➢ It is very difficult to damage this type of joint.
CARTILAGINOUS JOINT...➢ Cartilaginous joints are held in place by
cartilage, which allows slight movement to occur.
➢ Examples include the junction at two pelvic bones, the joints between the ribs and the sternum.
SYNOVIAL JOINTS...➢ The amount of movement possible is limited
by ligaments, muscles, tendons and adjoining bones.
➢ These joints are also known as synovial joints
➢ They occur at the shoulder, elbow wrist, finger, hip, knee, ankle and toes.
TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS...★ Ball and socket joint ★ Hinge joint★ Pivot joint★ Gliding joints★ Saddle joints ★ Condyloid (or ellipsoid) joints
BALL AND SOCKET JOINT...❖ this joint forms when the spherical head of one
bone fits into a cup-like cavity of another. ➢ the head of the humerus fits into a
depression in the scapula ➢ The head of the femur articulates with the
pelvis.
Hinge Joint...❖ This joint allows movement in one plane only ❖ They form when the convex surface of one
bone fits into the concave surface of the other ➢ elbow and the knee➢ also occurs at the ankle and➢ between the bones of the finger
Pivot Joint...❖ This type of joint are formed when rounded, pointed or
conical end of one bone articulates with a ring, formed partly by bone and partly by ligament. ➢ The first vertebra, on which the head is balanced (the
atlas) The second vertebra (the axis) . This allows the head to rotate
➢ Between the ulna and the radius of the forearm, which allows the rotation of the hand.
Gliding joint...❖ Allow movement in any direction in side-to-side or back-
and-forth motion. ❖ Restricted only by the ligaments of bony processes
surrounding the joint.❖ Gliding joints are joined between
➢ Carpal bones➢ Tarsal bones➢ The sternum➢ Clavicle.
Saddle Joint...❖ The two bones forming the joint are saddle
shaped - that is concave in one direction and convex in the other.
❖ They fit together in such a way that they allow side to side and back and forth movements➢ This joint is only located where the thumb
joins the palm of the hand.
Condyloid Joints...❖Have one surface of the bone slightly concave
depression in another bone.➢ Such joints occur between radius and the
carpal bones, the metacarpals bones and the phalanges of the toes.
❖ They allow movement in two direction such as side to side and up and down
Types Of Movement At a Joint...➔ Flexion (bending)
◆ usually decreases the angle of articulating bones ◆ bending the knee or elbow
➔ Extension (straightening)◆ increases the angle of articulating bones ◆ straightening the arm or leg after flexion
➔ Abduction◆ Which is movement away from the midline body ◆ lifting the arm upwards and away from the body
➔ Adduction◆ Which is movement towards from the midline body◆ returning the arm after abduction
➔ Rotation◆ which is the movement of a bone around its long axis
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