Thermal power plant

(Steam power Plant)

INTRODUCTIONIndia is one of the world’s largest consumer of

energyConventional sources: Thermal, Hydro and

Nuclear.Non- conventional: Wind, solar, Geothermal, tidal.Installed capacity – 1,61,352MW

Thermal = 95151.74MWNuclear = 4,120MWHydro = 36877.76MWRES = 13242.41MW

Annual power production – 680 billion KWH

Break up of PowerThermal Power Plants – 75%Hydro Electric Power Plants - 21%Nuclear Power Plants - 4%Installed wind power Generation – 9655MW30% to 40% of electrical power is lost in

transmission and distribution

STRUCTURE OF POWER SYSTEMPower system owned by state

electricity boards.Private sector utilities operate in

Mumbai, Kolkata, AhmedabadRegional electricity boards –

Northern, Southern, Eastern, Western, North-eastern.

Power Grid corporation- Central.

Thermal Power PlantsInstalled Capacity – 93,392.64MW1.Coal based – 77,458.88MW2.Gas Based – 14,734.01MW3.Oil Based – 1199.75MW

General Layout of Thermal Power Station

Main ComponentsFuel Handling UnitAsh Handling UnitBoiler UnitFeed Water UnitCooling Water UnitGenerator UnitTurbine Unit

Main CircuitFuel And Ash CircuitAir And Gas CircuitFeed Water And Steam CircuitCooling Water Circuit

Fuel And Ash CircuitFuel stored and fed to the boiler through

conveyor belts. Broken down into proper shape for complete burning.

Ash thus generated after burning is removed from the boiler through ash handling equipment

Air And Gas CircuitAir is required for combustion of fuel and is

supplied through fansAir is passed through air preheater to extract

energy from flue gases for proper burning of the fuel

Flue gases have ash and several gases which are passed through the precipitator(dust collector) and go to atmosphere through chimney.

Feed Water And Steam CircuitSteam Converted to water by condenser.Water is demineralized & hence not wasted to

have better economic operation of the plant.Some part of steam and water is lost while

passing through different parts.Boiler feed pump feeds water into the boiler

drum where it is heated to form steam.Wet steam is again heated in super heater

before passing through the turbineSteam is expanded in the turbine to run it.

After which again it goes to boiler for reheating

Cooling Water Circuit

To condensate the steam, large quantity of cooling water is required which is taken from river or pondage

After passing through the condenser, it is fed back to the river or Pondage

Boiler

Turbine

Turbine – Full View

Economizer

Selection Of siteAvailability of cheap land.Availability of water.Availability of fuel.Possibility of future expansion of the plant.Away from the urban areas due to pollution.The initial cost of plant.Magnitude and nature of load to be handled.