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Study and Performance Analysis of FACTS-incorporated Transmission Line
Presented ByShahadat Hossain Rashed, ID: 021-113-065
MD Sahbaz Sahria Iqbal Suzon, ID: 021-121-016Abu Sayed Md Rizvi, ID: 021-121-067
MD. Shakwhat Hossain, ID: 021-113-031
Supervised ByMohammad Wahiduzzaman Khan
CONTENTS
• Concept of FACTS and General System • Objectives of FACTS• Benefits of FACTS Technology• Types of FACTS Controllers • Transmission line Parameters & Design
of FACTS Controllers • Conclusion • References
General System
• Designed to operate efficiently
• Various load centers with high reliability
• Located at distant locations
• Environmental and safety reasons
FACTS
• Composed of static equipment
• Enhance controllability
• Increase power transfer capability
• Loaded up to its full thermal limit
• Power electronics-based system
FACTS device and project
of substation
Background Of FACTS
• The shunt-connected Static VAR Compensator was first demonstrated in Nebraska
in 1974
• The first series connected Controller, NGH-SSR Damping Scheme, invented in 1984
(Demonstrated in California)
• Co-author Hingorani and Gyugyi has been at the forefront of such advanced ideas
Nebraskaa California
Objectives Of FACTS
• Solve Power Transfer Limit & Stability Problems
• Increase (control) power transfer capability of a line
• Mitigate sub synchronous resonance
• Power quality improvement
• Load compensation
• Limit short circuit current
• Increase the load ability of the system
Benefits of FACTS Technology
• Environmental benefit
• Increased stability
• Increased quality of supply
• Flexibility and uptime
• Financial benefit
• Reduced maintenance cost
Overview Of System
Source orGeneration
House Industry
Load
SeriesCompens
ation
ShuntCompens
ation
Transmission Line
FACTS Intelligence System
Types of FACTS ControllersFC
FC
FC
FC
FC
Series ControllersLine
LineShunt Controllers
DC LinkFC
Line
Combined series-seriesControllers
Combined series-shuntControllers
Line
FACTS Controllers• Series controllers such as TCSC, TCPST and TCVR• Shunt controllers such as SVC and STATCOM• Combined series-shunt controllers such as UPFC FACTS devices: (a)
SVC. (b) TCVR. (c) TCSC. (d) TCPST. (e) UPFC.
Effects of FACTS devices on variables in active power flow equation.
Series Controllers
• Variable impedance (capacitor, Inductor)
To control
• Frequency
• Subsynchonous and
• Harmonic frequencies
• Inject a voltage
• Supplies or consumes reactive power
• Control of both active and reactive power
Basic module of Thyristor
Controlled Series Capacitor
Series Controllers
• Current control
• Damping Oscillations
• Transient and Dynamic stability
• Voltage stability
• Fault current limiting
• If > 0; The combined reactance is Capacitive. • If < 0; The combined reactance is Inductive.
Shunt compensation
• Variable impedance (capacitor, Inductor)
• Inject a current
• Consumes reactive power
• Involves control of both active and reactive power
• Improves system stabilities and pf
FACTS Implemented On a ModelSpecification:
• Line is 350 Km (218.75 mile)
• Conductor Mallard (ACSR)
• Flat horizontal Spacing is 7.25 m (23.8 ft)
• Frequency is 50 Hz
• Receiving end voltage is 230KV
• Receiving end Power is 138.45MW
• Power Factor is 1 (100%)
== = 30.0 ft
Short = less than about 80 km (50 mile) longMedium = 80 km to 240 km (150 mile) longLong = longer than 240 km long
Calculation of Transmission line Parameters (R, L & C)
Resistance (R)• R60 = 0.127 Ω/mile• R50 = 0.127
Inductance (L)• XL60 = (Xa+ Xd) = (0.393 + 0.4127) = 0.8057 Ω/mile• XL50 = 0.8057• L50 =
Capacitance (C)• XC60 = (Xa+ Xd) = (0.0904 + 0.1009) = 0.1913 Ω/mile• XC50 = 0.1913• C50 =
Performance of Resistive Load without Compensation
Performance of Series Compensation with Resistive Load
Performance of Shunt Compensation with Resistive Load
Results
25 50 75 100 125 138.45 150 175 200 225 2500
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400 Receiving End Voltage (KV) vs Resistive Load (MW)
Uncompensated Receiving End Voltage (KV) with Resistive Load
Series Compensated Receiving End Voltage (KV) with Resistive Load
Shunt Compensated ReceivingVoltage (KV) with Resistive Load
Load (MW)
Rece
ivin
g En
d V
olta
ge(K
V))
Results
25 50 75 100 125 138.45 150 175 200 225 2500
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2 Sending End pf vs Resistive Load (MW)
Uncompensated Sending End pf with Resistive Load
Series Compensated Sending End pf with Resistive Load
Shunt Compensated Sending End pf with Resistive Load
Load (MW)
Send
ing
End
pf
Performance of Resistive and Inductive Load without Compensation
Performance of Series Compensation with Resistive and Inductive Load
Performance of Shunt Compensation with Resistive and Inductive Load
Results
25 50 75 100 125 138.45 150 175 200 225 2500
50
100
150
200
250
300
350 Recieving End Voltage (KV) vs R-L Load (MW)
Uncompensated Receiving End Voltage (KV) with R-L Load
Series Compensated Receiv-ing End Voltage (KV) with R-L Load
Shunt Compensated Receiv-ing End Voltage (KV) with R-L Load
Load (MW)
Rece
ivin
g En
d V
olta
ge(K
V)
Results
25 50 75 100 125 138.45 150 175 200 225 2500
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2 Recieving End pf vs R-L Load (MW)
Uncompensated Sending End pf with R-L Load
Series Compensated Sending End pf with R-L Load
Shunt Compensated Sending pf with R-L Load
Load (MW)
Reci
evin
g En
d pf
Static Var Compensator• Operate at both inductive and capacitive compensation• The device provides reactive power• In capacitive case it absorbs reactive power
One Line Diagrams
Transmission line parametersFrom To Resistance per
KmReactance per
Km
Bus 1A Bus 2A 0.066 0.52Bus 1A Bus 2B 0.066 0.52Bus 2A Bus 3A 0.066 0.52Bus 2A Bus 3B 0.066 0.52Bus 2B Bus 3C 0.066 0.52Bus 2B Bus 3D 0.066 0.52Bus 3A Bus 4A 0.066 0.52Bus 3B Bus 4B 0.066 0.52Bus 3C Bus 4C 0.066 0.52Bus 3D Bus 4D 0.066 0.52
Transformer parameters
Transformer Primary Voltage (KV)
Secondary Voltage (KV)
MVA
Trans 1 11 230 5
Trans 2 11 230 5
Trans 3 230 0.230 200
Trans 4 230 0.230 100
Trans 5 230 0.230 50
Trans 6 230 0.230 25
Results of Load Flow
Results
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1198.6
98.8
99
99.2
99.4
99.6
99.8
100
100.2 Voltage Profile Improvement by SVC
Without SVCVoltage Profile (%)
With SVCVoltage Profile (%)
Bus Number
Volta
ge P
rofil
e (%
)
Results
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 110
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90 Performance Active Power
Without SVCActive power (KW)
With SVCActive power (KW)
Bus Number
Activ
e po
wer
(KW
)
The benefits of SVC to power transmission
• Stabilized voltages in weak systems
• Reduced transmission losses
• Increased transmission capacity, to reduce, defer or eliminate the need for
new lines
• Higher transient stability limit
• Increased damping of minor disturbances
• Greater voltage control and stability
• Better adjustment of line loadings
Conclusion
• Application of power electronics
• Makes a system ‘flexible’
• Play important role in active and reactive power control
• Helps to improve the capacity of an existing system
• Improve the power quality and stability
• The most viable and secure option to meet the power demand optimally.
Reference• Facts controllers in power transmission and distribution by k. R. Padiyar
• Understanding FACTS: concepts and technology of flexible AC transmission systems by Narain G. Hingorani, Laszlo Gyugyi.
• Flexible Ac Transmission Systems (FACTS) by Yong-Hua Song, Allan Johns
• IET Generation, Transmission, and Distribution “Long-term economic model for allocation of FACTS devices in restructured power systems integrating
wind generation” by Akram Elmitwally, Abdelfattah Eladi, John Morrow
• FACTS: Modelling and Simulation in Power Networks by John Wiley & Sons
• W.N. Chang and C.J. Wu, “Developing static reactive power compensator in a power system” ,IEEE Trans. on Power Systems
• K.R. Padiyar and R.K. Varma, “Damping torque analysis of static VAR system controllers”,
• N.G. Hingorani , “Flexible ac transmission”,
• Power Semiconductor Devices and Circuits, Brown Boveri symposia series, Baden Datettwil
• Proposed terms and definitions for flexible AC transmission system(FACTS).
• Hingorani, N.G., "High Power Electronics and Flexible AC Transmission System
• L. Gyugyi, IEE Proceedings C, Generation, Transmission and Distribution 139(4), 323 (1992).
• Y.-H. Song, T. A. Johns, Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS.
• Transmission System Application Requirements for FACTS Controllers, A Special Publication for System Planners.
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