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SOC 204 Drugs & Society
Goldberg Chapter 3Motivations for Drug Use
What do you think the most common reason for drug use is?
10%
20%
50%
10%
10% A. CuriosityB. BoredomC. EscapeD. SocialE. Rebellion
We all do things we know we shouldn’t do. Why?
Characteristics of drugs can reinforce their use◦ Altered states of consciousness
Societal, community, and family factors play an important role in whether an individual tries a drug
Drug factors play an important role in whether an individual continues to use a drug
Motivationshttps://www.youe.com/watch?v=bWXR3AqZEO4tub
Attendance 4/10 Would you rather be stranded on a deserted island
67%
33%A. All by yourselfB. With someone you hate
Experimentation: ◦ Especially among young people, curiosity is a natural
phenomenon that easily leads to experimentation
Pleasure/Escape from Boredom: ◦ An individual who is bored will engage in something
pleasurable to relieve the boredom◦ Drugs used to increase pleasure or reduce boredom
provide positive reinforcement◦ Drugs taken to alleviate discomfort provide
negative reinforcement
Reasons for Drug Use
Peer Influence: ◦ Many young people use drugs to gain peer
acceptance or approval◦ Basic values, life goals, and aspirations still are
influenced more by parents
Spiritual Purposes: ◦ People have used drugs to communicate with
something or someone greater than themselves◦ Psychoactive plants have roles in many religious
and spiritual practices
Reasons for Drug Use
Self-Discovery:◦ Drugs sometimes are used to fill a void in one’s
life
Social Interaction: ◦ Drugs are used to facilitate interactions with
others◦ Certain social groups determine how a drug is
used
Rebelliousness: ◦ Young people rebel against the conventions of
society, including warnings about drugs
Reasons for Drug Use
https://www.youe.com/watch?v=bWXR3AqZEO4tub
◦Community, parental, and peer attitudes and behaviors
◦Antisocial/problem behaviors
◦Poor school performance
◦Perception that use is prevalent
Risk Factors
◦Involvement in religious activities
◦Commitment to school, involvement in extracurricular activities
◦Perceived risk of drug use
◦Parents as social support
Protective Factors
Spiral of Psychological Addiction
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: Addiction is a “chronic, life-threatening condition that has roots in genetic susceptibility, social circumstance and personal behavior”
No single theory adequately covers every aspect of drug addiction – elements of various theories provide insight into drug addiction
Theories of Addiction
Delayed behavioral or emotional development may be a factor in substance abuse
Personality characteristics associated with drug abuse:◦ Low self-esteem◦ Poor interpersonal skills◦ Need for immediate gratification◦ Defiant feelings toward authority◦ Little tolerance for anxiety, frustration, and depression◦ Impulsivity◦ Risk taking◦ Low regard for personal health
Personality Theory
Personality traits associated with drug use do not include: A. ImpulsivityB. Lack of
intelligenceC. Need for
immediate gratification
D. DefianceIm
pulsivit
y
Lack of in
telligence
Need for im
mediate grati...
Defiance
0% 0%5%
95%
Reinforcers are stimuli or events that increase the likelihood of a particular behavior
Primary reinforcers reduce physiological needs or are inherently pleasurable; examples are food, water, and sex
Secondary reinforcers act as signals for the increased probability of obtaining primary reinforcers; example: money
Drugs can be primary or secondary reinforcers
Reinforcement Theory
Reinforcers are:A. Things that
reward usB. Things that are
correlated with drug use
C. Things that make a behavior more likely
Things that re
ward us
Things that a
re corre
late...
Things that m
ake a beha...
19%
67%
14%
Biological theory is a view of addiction holding that it is based on genetics and metabolic imbalances
Genetic theory: a person is predisposed to drug addiction, including addiction to alcohol, by hereditary influence
Metabolic imbalance: Narcotics help addicts stabilize the metabolic deficiency caused by absence of the drug
Biological Theories
Biological theories consider these factors:A. The biology of
the individualB. GeneticsC. Metabolic
imbalancesD. All of the above
The biology of t
he indivi
...Genetics
Metabolic im
balances
All of th
e above
0%
100%
0%0%
Social theory is the hypothesis that drug use is determined by cultural and social influences
Rewards of drug use may be derived from groups and others with whom we associate
Drug abuse may arise from antisocial behavior
Social theory does not explain drug addiction
Social Theories
Social theories:A. Attribute drug use
to cultural and social influences
B. Explain the phenomenon of addiction
C. Discount the importance of family influence
Attribute dru
g use
to cu
...
Explain th
e phenomenon ..
Discount t
he importa
nce ..
0% 0%0%
The impact of the media on drug use is hard to determine
Many forms of mass media feature drugs:◦ Movies◦ Advertisements◦ Billboards◦ Television◦ Music◦ Celebrities
Media Influence
1. Discuss what factors are most important in one’s decision to use or not use alcohol, tobacco, and/or illegal drugs.
2. Peers are cited frequently as an important influence on whether one uses drugs. At what age is the influence of peers most significant? Are males or females more affected by peer influence?
3. The depiction of alcohol use and smoking is prominent in movies, music videos, and television shows. Do you feel that alcohol use and smoking rates are affected by how alcohol and smoking are shown in videos? If yes, would you try to ban all alcohol and tobacco use in the media?
Small Groups
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