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Light and SoundLight and Sound
In this unit:
1) Properties of light2) Reflection3) Colours4) Refraction5) Properties of sound6) Hearing
Light travels VERY FAST – around 300,000 kilometres per second.
At this speed it can go around the world 8 times in one second.
Light travels much faster than sound. For example:
1) Thunder and lightning start at the same time, but we will see the lightning first.
2) When a starting pistol is fired we see the smoke first and then hear the bang.
Luminous and non-luminous objects
A luminous object is one that produces light.
A non-luminous object is one that reflects light.
Luminous objects Reflectors
Properties of Light summaryProperties of Light summary
1) Light travels in straight lines2) Light travels much faster than sound3) We see things because they reflect light
into our eyes4) Shadows are formed when light is blocked
by an object
Part 2 - ReflectionPart 2 - ReflectionReflection from a mirror:
Incident ray
Normal
Reflected ray
Angle of incidence
Angle of reflection
Mirror
The Law of ReflectionThe Law of Reflection
Angle of incidence = Angle of reflectionAngle of incidence = Angle of reflection
In other words, light gets reflected from a surface at ____ _____ angle it hits it.
The same !!!
Clear vs. Diffuse ReflectionClear vs. Diffuse Reflection
Smooth, shiny surfaces have a clear reflection:
Rough, dull surfaces have a diffuse reflection.
Diffuse reflection is when light is scattered in different directions
ColourColourWhite light is not a single colour; it is made
up of a mixture of the seven colours of the rainbow.
We can demonstrate this by splitting white light with a prism:
This is how rainbows are formed: sunlight is “split up” by raindrops.
Adding coloursAdding coloursWhite light can be split up to make separate colours.
These colours can be added together again.
The primary colours of light are red, blue and green:
Adding blue and red makes magenta (purple)
Adding blue and green makes cyan
(light blue)
Adding all three makes white again
Adding red and green makes yellow
Seeing colourSeeing colourThe colour an object appears depends on the colours
of light it reflects.
For example, a red book only reflects red light:
White
lightOnly red light is reflected
A white hat would reflect all seven colours:
A pair of purple trousers would reflect purple light (and red and blue, as purple is made up of red and blue):
Purple light
White
light
Using coloured lightUsing coloured light
If we look at a coloured object in coloured light we see something different. For example, consider a football kit:
White
light
Shorts look blue
Shirt looks red
In different colours of light this kit would look different:
Red
lightShirt looks red
Shorts look black
Blue
light
Shirt looks black
Shorts look blue
Some further examples:
Object Colour of light Colour object seems to be
Red socksRed RedBlue BlackGreen Black
Blue teddyRed BlackBlueGreen
Green camelRedBlueGreen
Magenta bookRedBlueGreen
Using filtersUsing filtersFilters can be used to “block” out different colours of light:
Red Filter
Magenta Filter
Investigating filtersInvestigating filters
Colour of filter Colours that could be “seen”Red
Green
Blue
Cyan
Magenta
Yellow
RefractionRefraction
Refraction is when waves ____ __ or slow down due to travelling in a different _________. A medium is something that waves will travel through. When a pen is placed in water it looks like this:
In this case the light rays are slowed down by the water and are _____, causing the pen to look odd. The two mediums in this example are ______ and _______.
Words – speed up, water, air, bent
Sound – The basicsSound – The basicsWe hear things when they vibrate.
If something vibrates with a high frequency (vibrates very ______) we say it has a _____ pitch.
If something vibrates with a low frequency (vibrates ______) we say it has a ____ pitch.
The lowest frequency I could hear was…
Words – slowly, low, high, quickly
Drawing sounds…Drawing sounds…
This sound wave has a _____ frequency:
This sound wave has a ___ _frequency:
Drawing sounds…Drawing sounds…
This sound wave has a _____ amplitude (loud):
This sound wave has a _____ amplitude (quiet):
Hearing problemsHearing problems
Our hearing range can be damaged by several things:
1) Too much ear wax!
2) Damage to the auditory nerve
3) Illness or infections
4) Old age (not like Mr Richards)
Other sound effects…Other sound effects…
Like light, sound can be…
1) Reflected – sound reflections are called ______.
2) Refracted – this is why you might sound strange if you try talking underwater
The EarThe EarLabel your diagram with the following:
These bones are vibrated by the eardrum This tube carries the sound towards the eardrumThis part is used to help us keep our balanceThis part “picks up” the vibrationsThis part of the ear contains many small hairs with turn vibrations into an electrical signalThis part connects the ear to the mouthThis part “channels” the sound towards the ear drum
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