Satellite communication

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• A Communication Satellites is an artificial Satellite placed

into the space for the purpose of

Telecommunication. These Satellites are also used for

applications like TV and radio broadcasting.

IntroductionHistory Major SatellitesRelevance FunctioningDifferent orbitsGPSApplications

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•Satellite is any object that revolve around a very huge object.For example:-•Moon is a satellite of the Earth.•Earth is a satellite of the Sun.

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The first artificial satellite was launched in 1957 by UK.

"Artificially, any object placed into orbit around Earth, planets or the Sun to serve a specific task.

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Satellites

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Year

Herman Potocnik Describes Base Station.

1928

Arther C. Clarke First Geosynchronous orbit for communication.

1945

Sputnik-1 First satellite equipped by radio-transmitters.

1957

Project SCORE America's first communications satellite.

1958

Echo First passive reflector satellite.

1960

Molniya First Soviet communication satellite with highly elliptic orbit.

1965

Oscar-III First amateur radio communications satellite.

1965

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• Engineers have developed many kinds of satellites.• Each Satellite has been design to serve a specific task.• Like Telecommunication, broadcasting, Remote Sensing and whether forecasting etc.

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Till now thousands of these "man-made moons" have been rocketed into Earth orbit. Artificial satellites play key role in the communication, industry, military intelligence and in the scientific study of both Earth and outer space.

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1. Low Earth Orbit.2. Mid Earth Orbit.3. Highly Elliptical Orbit.4. Geosynchronous Orbit.5. Polar Orbit.6. Molniya orbit.

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A Geostationary appear to be fixed when observed from the earth.Ht=34,000kmThe orbiting time of Satellite and the rotating time of the earth are equal.These are preferred for TV and radio Broadcasting, Remote Sensing

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This Satellite Revolves around earth in a typical circular orbit.Ht= 200-1000kmTime period=90-120 minPreferred in whether forecasting, telemetry and tracking.

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These satellites have high latitudes and appears to be geostationary in the lower horizon.

It Works in a elliptical orbit having earth’s centre at its one foci. For telephony and Radio systems.

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The GPS is divided into three major components :-1)The Control Segment 2)The Space Segments 3)The User Segment

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The Control Segment consists of five monitoring stations (Colorado, Ascension Island, Diego, Hawaii, and Kwajalein Island). Three of the stations (Ascension, Diego Garcia, and Kwajalein) serve as uplink installations, capable of transmitting data to the satellites.

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The Space Segment consists of the Constellation of NAVASTAR earth orbiting satellites. The current Defense Department plan calls for a full constellation of 24 . The satellites are arrayed in 6 orbital planes, inclined 55 degrees to the equator. They orbit at altitudes of about 12000, miles each

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The user segment is a total user and supplier community, both civilian and military. The User Segment consists of all earth-based GPS receivers. Receivers vary greatly in size and complexity, though the basic design is rather simple. The typical receiver is composed of an antenna and preamplifier, radio signal microprocessor, control and display device, data recording and power supply.

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GPS is made up from 3 different components.The first segment of the system consists of 24 satellites, orbiting 20,000 km above the Earth.This means that it takes each satellite 12 hours to make a complete circle around the Earth. The satellites are divided into six groups of four. Each group is assigned a different path to follow. This creates six orbital planes which completely surround the Earth.

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TelephonySatellite televisionFixed Service SatelliteDirect broadcastMobile satellite Satellite radioAmateur radioSatellite InternetMilitary uses

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ASHISH SINGH CHOUHAN

EC-5TH SEM

0161EC071012

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