Prof Ed Module 13

-Is basically a theory based on observation and scientific study about

how people learn.

Representation

Spiral Curriculum

Discovery Learning

Categorization

Representation

Enactive Representation

Iconic Representation

Symbolic Representation

Children learn about the world through

actions on physical objects and the

outcomes of these actions (i.e. riding,

bicycle and tying a knot, tasting the apple,

building blocks)

Learning can be

obtained through using

models and pictures.

The learner has developed the ability

to think in abstract terms. This uses

symbol system to encode knowledge.

The most common symbol systems

are language and mathematical

notation.

Teachers must revisit the curriculum by

teaching the same content in different

ways depending on students’

developmental levels.

Principles of instruction stated by

Bruner:1. Instruction must be concerned with the experiences and

contexts that make the student willing and able to learn (

readiness)

2. Instruction must be structured so that it can be easily

grasped by the students ( spiral organization)

3. Instruction should be designed to facilitate extrapolation and

or fill in the gaps ( going beyond the information given)

Obtaining knowledge for oneself

The teacher plans and arranges activities

in such a way that students search,

manipulate, explore and investigate.

Four major aspects in Bruner’s Theory

1. Predisposition to learn

- “readiness for learning”

2. Structure of Knowledge

-This refers to the ways in which a body of knowledge can be structured so that it can be most readily grasped by the learner

3. Effective sequencing

- No one sequencing will fit every learner, but in general, the lesson can be presented in increasing difficulty.

4. Reinforcement

- Rewards and punishments should be selected and paced appropriately.

4 things that specify about objects1. Criterial attributes- required characteristics for inclusion of

an object in a category.

2. Prescribes how the criterial attributes are combined.

3. Assigns weight to various properties.

4. Sets acceptance limits on attributes.

Several kinds of categories

1. Identity categories

-categories include objects based on their attributes or features.

2. Equivalent categories

-Equivalence can be determined by affective criteria, which render objects equivalent by emotional reactions, functional criteria, based on related functions.

3. Coding Systems

- are categories that serve to recognize sensory input.

ACTIVITY

Group Members:

Amistad, John Ray

Dumepnas, Juliet Mae

Labutan, Cleford

Tomeg, FlorenceJMBD :D