View
172
Download
2
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
Power may be defined as the capacity to excertinfluence over others
The capacity that A has to influence the behavior of B so that B acts in accordance with A’s wishes
Function of dependence
D.S
LEADERSHIP
Focuses on goal achievement
Requires goal compatibility with followers
Focuses influence downward
POWER
Used as a means for achieving goals
Requires follower dependency
Used to gain lateral and upward influence
D.S
Formal Power
Is established by an individual’s position in an organization; conveys the ability to coerce or reward, from formal authority, or from control of information
Coercive PowerA power base dependent on fear
D.S
Reward PowerCompliance achieved based on the ability to distribute rewards that others view as valuable
Legitimate Power
The power a person receives as a result of his or her position in the formal hierarchy of an organization
D.S
Personal Power
Expert Power
Influence based on special skills or knowledge
Referent Power
Influence based on possession by an individual of desirable resources or personal traits
D.S
The freedom and the ability of employees to make decisions and commitments.
Managers disagree over definition of empowerment.
D.S
There must be a clear definition of the values and mission of the company.
Company must help employees acquire the relevant skills.
Employees need to be supported in their decision making, and not criticized when they try to do something extraordinary.
Employees need to be recognized for their efforts.
D.S
The General Dependency Postulate
The greater B’s dependency on A, the greater the
power A has over B
Possession/control of scarce organizational
resources that others need makes a manager
powerful
Access to optional resources (e.g., multiple
suppliers) reduces the resource holder’s power
D.S
What Creates Dependency Importance
The things you control must be important. Scarcity
A resource must be perceived as scarce. Nonsubstitutability
The resource cannot be substituted with something else.
D.S
Power TacticsWays in which individuals translate power bases into specific actions
Influence Tactics
• Legitimacy
• Rational persuasion
• Inspirational appeals
• Consultation
• Exchange
• Personal appeals
• Ingratiation
• Pressure
• Coalitions
D.S
• Legitimacy :Relaying on your authority position or saying a request accords with organizational policies or rules
• Rational persuasion : Presenting logical arguments and factual evidence to demonstrate a request is reasonable
• Inspirational appeals : Developing emotional commitment by appealing to a target’s values, needs,hopes and aspiration
• Consultation :Increase in taget support by involving him/her in deciding how you will accomplish your plan
D.S
• Exchange :Rewarding the target with benefits or favors in exchange for following a request
• Personal appeals : Asking for compliance based on the friendship or loyalty
• Ingratiation : : using flattery , praise, or friendly behavior prior to making a request
• Presure : Using warnings , repeated demands and threats
• Coalitions : : Enlisting the aid or support of others to persuade the target to agree
D.S
UPWARD INFLUENCE DOWNWARD INFLUENCE LATERAL INFLUENCE
Rational persuasion Rational persuasion Rational persuasion
Inspirational appeals Consultation
Pressure Ingratiation
Consultation Exchange
Ingratiation Legitimacy
Exchange Personal appeals
Legitimacy Coalitions
D.S
Sexual Harassment
Unwelcome advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature
Act, 2013 ("Sexual Harassment Act") has been made effective on April 23, 2013 by way of publication in the Gazette of India.
Make sure a policy against it is in place.
Ensure that employees will not encounter retaliation if they file a complaint.
Investigate every complaint and include the human resource and legal departments.
Make sure offenders are disciplined or terminated.
Set up in-house seminars and training.
D.S
Recommended