View
1.247
Download
1
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
Plant Science into Practice
Tina Barsby 1st February 2011
Plant Science into Practice
Plant Science into Practice
Tina Barsby 1st February 2011
© Copyright text
Our mission: to provide impartial, science-based, research and information to support, develop and promote agriculture and horticulture; helping the industry to fulfil its potential in supplying food and renewable resources, while respecting the natural environment.
Plant Science into Practice
Tina Barsby 1st February 2011
Food security: From “How to Feed the World in 2050” (FAO World Food Summit document, Nov 2009)
• By 2050 the world’s population will reach 9.1 billion, 34 % higher than today
• In order to feed this larger, more urban and richer population, food production (net of food used for biofuels) must increase by 70 %
Environmental Challenges: (Climate Change 2007: Synthesis report, IPCC)• Climate change/agriculture’s global warming contribution
- Agriculture and forestry account for 31% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions
• Declining resources: Water, nutrients, natural habitats, biodiversity- Agriculture is responsible for 70% of freshwater withdrawal (United Nations Environment Programme)
Meeting the challenges
Plant Science into Practice
Tina Barsby 1st February 2011
• Boosting agricultural productivity, conserving resources and coping with climate change
• Knowledge exchange is key for industry to respond to challenges
• The status of agricultural research in the UK
• The application of science and translation to practice on the ground, where there are widely considered to be serious fractures in the pipeline
Meeting the challenges
Plant Science into Practice
Tina Barsby 1st February 2011
‘Better seeds…better crops’• Food crisis after WW1
• NIAB established by charitable donations for ‘the improvement of crops .. with higher….. genetic quality’
• Barriers to plant breeding, or to access for growers to improved varieties, were recognised barriers to enhanced food production
Plant Science into Practice
Tina Barsby 1st February 2011
The First Farmers Leaflets1932 Farmers leaflet1931 Farmers leaflet
Plant Science into Practice
Tina Barsby 1st February 2011
Lessons learntWhen WW2came, suppliesof quality seedwere givenpriority andNIAB began toproduceRecommended Lists of varieties
Plant Science into Practice
Tina Barsby 1st February 2011
A regulatory framework to support innovation
• In 1964 the UK signed the UPOV convention, establishing Plant Breeders Rights (PBR).
• MAFF commissioned NIAB to test varieties for DUS and conduct statutory trials. VCU was added in 1973.
• NIAB still carries out variety evaluation, on behalf of FERA and also to support the Levy Board funded Recommended Lists.
Plant Science into Practice
Tina Barsby 1st February 2011
Purification
Official registration &
testing DUS & VCU
NL/RL trialsPlant breeders
Gateway to New Market-ready Products
Sales & marketing
“Core NIAB”
Statutory testing & contract research to DEFRA, BSPB, Levy Boards & CEL together with services to farmers & growers
Plant Science into Practice
Tina Barsby 1st February 2011
Reconnecting the pipeline
• After decades of chronic under-investment in UK applied and translational agricultural research…NIAB Trust intervenes…
• Development of genetic research & pre-breeding capabilities 2005 (synthetic wheat, flowering time, transgenic capability)
Plant Science into Practice
Tina Barsby 1st February 2011
Agronomy
Transferring knowledge
Pre-breedingCommercial
breeding NL/RL trials
Trait discovery
New & differentiated
products
“new research at NIAB” “core NIAB”
Plant Science into Practice
Tina Barsby 1st February 2011
Wheat a classic allo-hexaploid
ESEB Congress, Uppsala,
Sweden, August 2007
Science Vol 316, 1862-1866
Plant Science into Practice
Tina Barsby 1st February 2011
Funded by NIAB Trust, BBSRC, HGCA and commercial breeders
Plant Science into Practice
Tina Barsby 1st February 2011
Wheat Ergot Tracing useful differences in ergot formation observed between elite varieties to precise tissue responses
Wheat Yellow Rust Two novel loci controlling resistance have been identified and durable resistance QTL are currently under study
stigma &stigmatic hairs
anthers
1. Extract Wheat Flower 2. Ergot inoculation3. Compare infection progress using microscopy
Variety 1Many hyphae
reach base of ovary
Ov
Variety 2Few hyphae
reach top of ovary
Ov
Working with JIC, RRes, Universities to access novel traits for pre-breeding
Plant Science into Practice
Tina Barsby 1st February 2011
• Highly efficient (20% with UK adapted genotypes) Agrobacterium-mediated system
• Technology licences in place
Funded by the NIAB Trust
The NIAB wheat TRANSFORMATION PLATFORM
• Low phytate wheat• Grain yield• Nitrogen mobilisation• Disease resistance• Root morphology• Starch and protein modification• PHS/HFN
CURRENT AREAS OF INTEREST
Plant Science into Practice
Tina Barsby 1st February 2011
Not-for-profitOur charitable objectives require that we:
• Engage in agricultural research
• Provide access to training
• Promote this research and knowledge for public benefit
• Disseminate knowledge
Plant Science into Practice
Tina Barsby 1st February 2011
Reconnecting the pipeline
• After three decades of chronic under-investment in UK applied and translational agricultural research…NIAB Trust intervenes
• Development of genetic research & pre-breeding capabilities 2005 (synthetic wheat, flowering time, transgenic capability)
• Integration of TAG 2009 to extend our coverage / capabilities in applied agronomy research and knowledge transfer onto farm
Recent History
2003 2005 2006 20072004
Arable Research Centre+
Morley Research =
The Arable Group
TAG acquires
ADAS consultancy
TAG acquires
Silsoe Spray Applications Unit
Plant Science into Practice
Tina Barsby 1st February 2011
Agronomy
TAG
Transferring knowledge
Pre-breedingCommercial
breeding NL/RL trials
Trait discovery
New & differentiated
products
genetic research at NIAB core NIAB
Plant Science into Practice
Tina Barsby 1st February 2011
Delivery• Expertise and involvement along the full length of the
chain
• Interacting and forming partnerships at all levels
• Uniquely capable in a single not-for-profit organisation of putting genetics and plant variety development into a practical agronomic context
Plant Science into Practice
Tina Barsby 1st February 2011
Thank You
Plant Science into Practice
Tina Barsby 1st February 2011
•Developing an industry-wide resource showcasing new technology and innovation in plant genetic developmentfor the agriculture and horticulture sectors
Plant Science into Practice
Tina Barsby 1st February 2011
•has
•Has been developed focusing on the challenges of
Plant Science into Practice
Tina Barsby 1st February 2011
• Policy makers
• Researchers
• Agri-food businesses
• Growers
• Industry stakeholders
• Students
• Consumers
from across the UK, EU and beyond
Bringing together• A living, year-round showcase
of innovation in agriculture and
horticulture;
• A hub for dissemination of
relevant information (web-based
and literature);
• An interactive forum for
knowledge exchange.
A flagship facility
Plant Science into Practice
Tina Barsby 1st February 2011
Working in Partnership
Plant Science into Practice
Tina Barsby 1st February 2011
• Sustainable, carbon neutral construction and energy use
• Building materials include timber, straw, and wool
• The centre will generate as much energy as it uses - targeting a
BREEAM rating of ‘outstanding’ and an ‘A’ rated energy performance
certificate
Visitor Centre – design and construction
Plant Science into Practice
Tina Barsby 1st February 2011
Field Demonstrations 2011Sunflower
Hemp Maize
Linseed
Flax
Nettles
Sweetcorn?
Camelina
Miscanthus/Willow
Echium Switchgrass
Cuphea Buckwheat
RY WT Winter OSR Winter OSR
Meadow Foam Sainfoin
Borage Phaseolus bean
Equina - Paucijuga Soya Castille WR Castille WR
Woad E x P lines Soya V141OLL Castille
Disease res/sus split NK Molten Castille
Carrot Breeding, Parent 1 SW Hearty DK Expower
Spring rape SR Parent 2 Excalibur DK Expower
treatments F2
Onion F3 April bearded WWPlumage/Spratt ArcherWB
F4 Squareheads Pioneer
F5 Capelle Desprez Maris Otter
Smartcarbs x4 SB F6 Maris Widgeon Cassata
Hobbit Igri
Potato Aegilops tauschii SW Moulin Saffron
Triticum durum Little Joss Retriever
phytophera res Huw's lines x4 Hexaploid synthetic Hereward Athene
Hungarian Hexaploid synthetic Solstice Colibri
blight res Hexaploid synthetic Ron 1 Manitou
Hexaploid synthetic Ron 2 Volume
Hort Hort
Bum
ble
Bird
Kin
g's
KA
UT
1M
orle
y's
bee
mix
Kin
g's
KW
M2a
GW
CT
RF
RI
Pol
len
Nec
tar
Flo
raT
AG
A
Plant Science into Practice
Tina Barsby 1st February 2011
2011 field plots (1 of 2)
Wheat - synthetic
Wheat - bread making
Wheat - modified flowering time
Wheat - breeding process
Barley - malting quality
OSR - pod-shatter treatments
OSR – high omega-3 culinary oils
Potato - blight resistance
Field beans – low soluble fibre, high insoluble fibre
Forage maize – AD renewable power/CHP generation
Woad – industrial crops - paint pigments
Sainfoin
Camelina
Field beans – low soluble fibre, high insoluble fibre
Sunflowers
Buck wheat – accessing unavailable soil P
Plant Science into Practice
Tina Barsby 1st February 2011
• 2011: 6 Open Days – broadly themed tours of the field and glasshouses with certain sectors invited to each
• Farmers (2)• Breeders and Researchers• Educationalists/Students• Trade and Consultants• Policy makers• 7 Workshops – Themed days with presentations and a tour of the field and
glasshouses with the following subjects:• Specialist Oils and Sustainable Proteins• Management for Biodiversity• Crops and Climate Change (CPPS)• Fibres• Maize• Cereal Diversity/Smartcarbs• Horticulture
Recommended