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The role of editors in the development of the CoBRA guideline and the power of the multidisciplinary approach
Paola De CastroEuropean Association od Science Editors (EASE)Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Italy)
Workshop EDITORS AS PROMOTERS OF GOOD PRACTICES IN BIORESOURCE RESEARCHToulouse, October 9, 2015
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Challenges of scientific publishing: editors as agents of change
Open access, Open data, Open science, Quality, Transparency, Integrity
FOCUS OF THE PRESENTATION
Editors and researchers working together
BRIF initiative (Bioresource Research Impact Factor) and the editors’ subgroup
Benefits of a multidisciplinary approach
Results achieved and future steps
123
EASE BRIF Workshop ● Editors as promoters of good practices in bioresource research. Toulouse, October 9, 2015
CHALLENGES OF SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING
Open access, Open data, Open Science,
Quality, Transparency, Integrity, Metrics1
4EASE BRIF Workshop ● Editors as promoters of good practices in bioresource research. Toulouse, October 9, 2015
E-Research, E-science – Scientific conversation
Global collaboration – Next generation infrastructure
scientific journals are changing shape (and roles)
readers are becoming more and more demanding
authors are more and more pressured by evaluation and metrics
not only scientists are interested in the research conversation
DEFINE THE CONTEXT
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Publication arenaKEY PLAYERS – stakeholders• Authors
• Editors
• Publishers
• Readers
• Policy Makers
• Funders
• Industry
• Webmasters
• Librarians
• Data curators
• Aggregators
Where does responsibility lie?
• Patients
• Citizens
Create awarenessPublic health
Global health
FOCUS
EASE BRIF Workshop ● Editors as promoters of good practices in bioresource research. Toulouse, October 9, 2015
Includes free news and reviews on the lack of scrutiny at open-access journals,
the rarity of published negative studies, and publishing sensitive data.
EASE BRIF Workshop ● Editors as promoters of good practices in bioresource research. Toulouse, October 9, 2015 6
COMMUNICATIONIN SCIENCEpressures and predators
Science, Special issue. 4 October 2013
http://www.sciencemag.org/site/special/scicomm/index.xhtml
Yes, but…
“ “
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Publication/Dissemination Online availability, Use, Impact, Evaluation, Metrics, Social networks, Awareness, Preservation, Data curation
Current debate on scientific publishingKEY WORDS
• REWARD EQUATOR CONFERENCE ON WASTE IN RESEARCH, Edinburgh, 28-30 2015
Scientific (e)Content & Conduct Quality, Reliability, Originality, Duplicability
Editorial Process Ethical issues: Authorship, Editorship, Transparency, Integrity, Equity, Gender issues, Privacy, Conflicts of interest, Copyright, Licences
Editorial Process Technical issues: Structure, Standards, Formats, Guidelines, Style
Hints from
EASE BRIF Workshop ● Editors as promoters of good practices in bioresource research. Toulouse, October 9, 2015
Responsibility, awareness, transparency, guidelines, accountability, evidence, open data
scientific research
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Debate on Open Research Data
EASE BRIF Workshop ● Editors as promoters of good practices in bioresource research. Toulouse, October 9, 2015
• How can we define research data?
• What types of research data should be open?
• When and how does openness need to be limited?
• How should the issue of data re-use be addressed?
• Where should research data be stored and made accessible?
• How can we enhance data awareness and a culture of sharing?
Questions raised during the EC Consultation on Open research data, Bruxelles, July 2, 2013
Research data are associated with research activity in the process of creating knowledge on the basis of existing knowledge
The BRIF position was represented
EASE BRIF Workshop ● Editors as promoters of good practices in bioresource research. Toulouse, October 9, 2015
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• researchers ask the wrong questions
• study designs are inadequate or inappropriate for the question under study,
• studies are not reported appropriately, or are either not published or published in the wrong place.
• Publish or perish - Predatory journals,
• Misconduct, metrics
Does it apply to bioresource research? How can journal editors collaborate with researchers towards a solution?
85% OF RESEARCH IS WASTE
focus on research question, methods, reporting, reproducibility, evaluation, incentives and more
WHY?
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
EASE BRIF Workshop ● Editors as promoters of good practices in bioresource research. Toulouse, October 9, 2015
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EDITORS AS AGENTS OF CHANGE
In 2005, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) initiated a policy requiring investigators to deposit information about trial design into an accepted clinical trials registry before the onset of patient enrolment…
Included requirement for registration in the Uniform Requirements
Scientists require evidence
The story of clinical trials
Before that, trials registration was the exception; now it is the rule.
Numbers of registered clinical trials on the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) and numbers of publications about clinical trials on PubMed (1998 – 2013)
Roderik F Viergever, and Keyang Li BMJ Open 2015;5:e008932
Registrationfacilitates the dissemination of information among clinicians, researchers, and patients,
helps to assure trial participants that the information that accrues as a result of their altruism will become part of the public record.
contributes to increase public trust in medical science.Laine C et al. Clinical Trial Registration — Looking Back and Moving Ahead. N Engl J Med 2007; 356:2734-2736June 28, 2007
Effects of standard approach in the registration of clinical trials
Will the CoBRA have a similar effect?
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Bioresources are drivers of innovation and scientific progress and their sharing is a priority for biomedical research;
yet,
the limited acknowledgement of the efforts required to establish, maintain and share them is an obstacle for impact evaluation, often leading to waste.
EASE BRIF Workshop ● Editors as promoters of good practices in bioresource research.
Toulouse, October 9, 2015
REWARD ConferenceEdinburgh, 28-30 September 2015
Editors can help!
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USEFUL SOURCES FOR EDITORIAL ISSUESand hints on the current debate
EASE BRIF Workshop ● Editors as promoters of good practices in bioresource research. Toulouse, October 9, 2015
Portal of reportingguidelines
Committee Publication Ethics
EditorsAssociations
Top Journalwebsites
Open Access / Open data
EASE BRIF Workshop ● Editors as promoters of good practices in bioresource research. Toulouse, October 9, 2015
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EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF SCIENCE EDITORS
Mission: To improve the global standard and quality of science editing by promoting the value of science editors and supporting- professional development- research and - collaboration.
an international community of individuals and associations from diverse backgrounds, linguistic traditions and professional experience in science communication and editing
EASE BRIF Workshop ● Editors as promoters of good practices in bioresource research. Toulouse, October 9, 2015
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EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF SCIENCE EDITORS
• Improving global standards
• Raising the profile of science editors
• Supporting professional development
Excellence and Accountability in Science Editing
http://www.ease.org.uk/
EASE BRIF Workshop ● Editors as promoters of good practices in bioresource
research. Toulouse, October 9, 2015
Editors and researchers
working together
The BRIF initiative (Bioresource Research Impact Factor) and
the editors’ subgroup
2
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18EASE BRIF Workshop ● Editors as
promoters of good practices in bioresource research. Toulouse, October 9, 2015
• biological samples with associated data (medical/epidemiological, social)
• databases independent of physical samples
• other biomolecular and bioinformatics research tools
It is a work in progress, started in 2010, currently developing a framework for
• creating a tool for calculating research impact of bioresources based on a metric (algorithm) and on the use of a unique digital resource identifier
• assessing requirements for citation/acknowledgement of bioresources in order to trace their use in research
BIORESOURCES are
The BRIF initiative
Facilitate acknowledgementEvaluate use and impact
EASE BRIF Workshop ● Editors as promoters of good practices in bioresource
research. Toulouse, October 9, 2015
The neglected role of research biobanks
In scientific publications biobanks are • Not cited at all
• Cited in a heterogeneous way
• Not cited in a standardized way
• Difficult to retrieve
What is needed • Sensitize journal editors to BRIF issues
• Standardize citations in journal articles
• Modify editorial guidelines
• Inform the scientific community about the relevance of
this issue
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Difficult to evaluate
BRIF PARTICIPANTSjul/10 - apr/12: 135 members, 21 countries, >95 institutions
Legend:
<5 5≤ >10 10≤ >20 20≤ >30
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Competences/partiesrepresented in BRIF
•Biobank partners•Computational biologists•Computer scientists•Genome/genetics scientists•Epidemiologists
• Jurists, lawyers• Ethicists • Experts in impact factors• Bibliometricists• Journal Editors• Researchers/users
EASE BRIF Workshop ● Editors as promoters of good practices in bioresource
research. Toulouse, October 9, 2015
A multidisciplinary approach is requiredDifferent subgroups were established
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The journal editors’ subgroup
Necessity for journal editors to recognise the need to properly
acknowledge and cite the bioresources used,
using proper terminology and/or identifiers,
and agreeing on standards of citation
(format/marker paper, location(s), institutions, people, etc.)
Initial points to address
• Actions to raise awareness of journal editors to BRIF issues and modify their editorial guidelines accordingly
EASE BRIF Workshop ● Editors as promoters of good practices in bioresource
research. Toulouse, October 9, 2015
JOURNAL EDITORS PILOT STUDY (2012)
• Select journals publishing biobank related research (starting from journals where you most publish
• Check the Instructions to authors of selected journals to see if and how they mention biobanks.
• Check journal articles to see if and how they mention biobanks.
• Contact editors explaining why it is important to cite biobanks and ask them to consider their inclusion in the acknowledgements,
• Suggest editors how to modify instructions to authors.
• Publicize results obtained in the pilot (number of the journals addressed, no. of journals changing their instructions to authors, etc ) through articles published in the relevant journals and new contacts with the professional associations and editors groups such as the EASE, ICMJE, Equator, COPE, etc.
Tolouse, 22 October 2012
Collect background information to progress on the BRIF initiative
• Belgrade International Open Access Conference 2012. May 17-19, 2012; Belgrade. • 11th EASE Conference, “Editing in the Digital World”, Tallinn, Estonia 8-10 June 2012• Brocher Workshop Exploring Innovative Mechanisms to Build Trust in Human Health Research
Biobanking. June 12-13, 2013; Geneva. 2013.• 7th International Congress on Peer Review and Biomedical Publication
Chicago, September 8-10, 2013• EAHIL Conference , Rome, 11-13 June 2014, • HOBB, Milan 29-31July 2015• REWARD, Waste in Research Conference, Edinburgh, 2015
ACTIONS developed by the BRIF Journal Editors’ subgroup
• Address the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)• Address the European Association of Science Editors (EASE)• Address the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)• Survey to Journal editors (awareness and availability to collaborate)• Organize a restricted workshop addressed to Journal editors and experts
(Rome, June 21, 2013)• Publish the CoBRA guideline (BMC Medicine,2015)• Addressing Equator , Workshop in Toulouse, 2015, …. ….. ….
Sensitizing about BRIF issues
Dissemination of BRIF issues in international Conferences
BENEFITS OF A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
Results achieved and future steps3We addressed different targets in our dissemination and awareness raising campaignsand translated research results in lay languages
EASE BRIF Workshop ● Editors as promoters of good practices in bioresource research.
Toulouse, October 9, 2015
RESULTS ACHIEVEDAwareness on BRIF
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1
AWARENESS:BRIF IN A BOOKSHELF
EASE BRIF Workshop ● Editors as promoters of good practices in bioresource
research. Toulouse, October 9, 2015 27
EASE BRIF Workshop ● Editors as promoters of good practices in bioresource research.
Toulouse, October 9, 2015 28
RESULTS ACHIEVEDInclusion in the Instructions for Authors; Annali ISS2
The insertion has been added in the section “Manuscript presentation”
EASE BRIF Workshop ● Editors as promoters of good practices in bioresource research.
Toulouse, October 9, 2015 29
RESULTS ACHIEVEDInclusion of Bioresources in EASE Guidelines3
available in 20 languages (www.ease.org.uk/publications/author-guidelines)
The insertion has been added in the section ‘Methods’
BRIF Meeting – Rome, June 21st 2013Standardizing Bioresource Citation In Journal Articles: The Editors Point Of View
• Standard citation format (based on existing solutions)
• Position on Open data
RESULTS ACHIEVED
4
Objective of the workshop
Outcome: General agreement on
To elaborate practical and realistic proposals for harmonizing bioresources citation in journal articles with the help of journal editors.
Eurosurveillance Editorial Board Meeting. Vilnius, October 11, 2013 -- P. De Castro
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RESULTS ACHIEVEDSurvey to journal editors (2013)5
The results were partly presented at the Chicago Conference on Peer review and biomedical publications (September 2013)
The majority of the journals (ISI) in the sample (both OA and non OA) is • aware on the issue of bioresources • is uncertain whether to include citation to bioresources in instructions to authors
EASE BRIF Workshop ● Editors as promoters of good practices in bioresource research. Toulouse, October 9, 2015
Position of the BRIF Editorial Subgroup on Open data agreed upon during the Rome workshop and presented at EC consultation of July2, 2013
It is important to create awareness and trust on the use of open bioresources. The EC should create mechanisms and incentives that facilitate the culture of sharing through ad hoc recommendations and the inclusion of specific clauses on open research data in their funding schemes. Technical issues about quality, maintenance and long-term preservation of open data should take into consideration the requirements of the different stakeholders. The EC should consider funding measures to create and test tools for implementing such mechanisms.
There is general agreement that it is important that the EC considers the issue of bioresources/biobanks as relevant sources of aggregated open research data that have an impact on both science and society. It is important that such data are shared for the progress of global research, to avoid duplication and to benefit from large investments in terms of both financial and personnel efforts, including donors’
In consideration of the ethical issues associated to bioresources, only aggregated results can be shared openly
As regards where research data be stored, there was discussion about infrastructures and clouding and about maintenance and preservation issues during and after a research project involving collection and use of bioresources
Awareness and Impact
Levels of open sharing. Aggregated data
Data life cycle. Data Management Plan
Awareness, Trust, Binding mechanismsEASE BRIF Workshop ● Editors as promoters of good practices in bioresource research.
Toulouse, October 9, 2015
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RESULTS ACHIEVED6
Where to cite
Standard Bioresource Citation
How to cite
Cite bioresource in the “Methods” section (not in the acknowledgements) and add relevant details in the reference list
• Name of biobank / bioresource / • Institution / Organisation or Network / • City / • Country / • Date accessed
Suggestions
• Use a persistent code rather than the bioresource name
• Use DOI when available (can be tracked through cross ref)
• Address the NLM “citing in medicine” to endorse “our” citation standard
• Address the NLM to verify the position of the term “bioresource” in the MESH
as agreed during the BRIF workshop in Rome, June 2013
RESULTS ACHIEVED7
Eurosurveillance Editorial Board Meeting. Vilnius, October 11, 2013 -- P. De Castro Ready to Write an article
EASE BRIF Workshop ● Editors as promoters of good practices in bioresource research. Toulouse, October 9, 2015
34
Share and take advantage from
recognition of their use
RESULTS ACHIEVED8 Publication of the CoBRA guideline, BMC Medicine 2015
Highly accessed article
EASE BRIF Workshop ● Editors as promoters of good practices in bioresource research. Toulouse, October 9, 2015
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EQUATOR supports
wider practical
implementation of
reporting guidelines
by all relevant parties
to increase the
usability and value of
health research.
RESULTS ACHIEVED9 Inclusion of the CoBRA guideline in EQUATOR Network
EASE BRIF Workshop ● Editors as promoters of good practices in bioresource research. Toulouse, October 9, 2015
36
RESULTS ACHIEVED10 EASE/BRIF Workshop - Dissemination for CoBRA adoption
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DISCUSSION POINTS
EASE BRIF Workshop ● Editors as promoters of good practices in bioresource research.
Toulouse, October 9, 2015
• Do you think biouresource is a topic of interest for the journal?
• Did you ever use/cite bioresources in your journal articles?
• Do you agree to include “CoBRA guidelines” in the instructions to authors of your journal?
a)How can editors enhance implementation of CoBRA guidelines?
b)How can researchers enhance implementation of CoBRA guidelines?
c)How can universities, research institutes or research infrastructures incentivise researchers to use CoBRA?
Suggestions from Working groups addressing different targets
Multidisciplinary approach
is waiting for your opinion!
Thank you
paola.decastro@iss.it
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VGf7jWoJFN0
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