Open access: changes in the global research market - Jisc Digital Festival 2015

Open Access: Changes in the global research marketNeil Jacobs, Mafalda Picarra

Overview of the session

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1. Context: Global OA developments, focusing on the EU

2. Complicated international policy environment:Why it matters, and what we’re doing about it

3. Complicated and inconsistent financial arrangements:Why it matters, and what we’re doing about it

4. Sustaining infrastructure:Why it matters, and what we’re doing about it

5. Skills: Why it matters, and what we’re doing about it

Context: global OA developments

» Open Access initiatives: Budapest, Bethesda and Berlin

» Open Access: from declarations to policies

» Open Access: the global policy landscape

Open Access: Changes in the global research market

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Region Policies

Europe 378

North America 145

Asia 40

Oceania 39

Central & South America 34

Africa 16

Total 652

» ERA plays a key role in the Europe 2020 Strategy and the Innovation Union policy

» Open Access to publications and data are central to ERA

» Digital ERA needed to maintain Europe as hub of excellence

» Free access to knowledge and services saves public money and facilitates innovation

» Proposed actions for Member States, Stakeholders and Commission:

› Promote Open Access

› Foster Knowledge transfer

Context: the European Research Area (ERA)

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» Petition, studies, reports, surveys and workshops on access and preservation of scientific information (2006-2013)

» Open Access Pilot in FP7 (2008)

» Communication: A Reinforced European Research Area Partnership for Excellence and Growth (2012)

» Communication: Towards Better Access to Scientific Information (2012)

» Recommendation: Access and Preservation of Scientific Information (2012)

Context: European Open Access policy in the making

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Context: the Commission’s communications and recommendation

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» Optimise circulation, access to and transfer of scientific knowledge

» Uptake of OA policy to scientific publications and research data in Horizon 2020

» Member states to define and implement OA polices

» Member states OA policies to be consistent with that of H2020

» Structured coordination of Member states – via National Points of Reference – to take place at the European level

» Broader access to scientific publications and data help to:

› build on previous research results (= improved quality of results)

› foster collaboration and avoid duplication of effort (= greater efficiency)

› accelerate innovation (faster to market = faster growth)

› involve citizens and society (= improved transparency of the scientific process)

Context: Open Access mandate in Horizon 2020

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» Mandatory for peer-reviewed scientific publications

» ‘Green’ OA mandate (self-archiving)

› Publish in subscription-based journals

› Deposit author’s copy in OA repository

› Ensure OA to publication within 6 months (12 months for SSH)

» ‘Gold’ OA (open access publishing)

› Permits payments from grants for OA journal publication

» Pilot on Open Research Data

Context: Open Access mandate in Horizon 2020

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Policy environment: strategies for development and alignment of OA policies in Europe

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» Challenges:

› Low levels of expertise and awareness of OA within some countries

› Different levels of progress towards OA policy implementation

› Lack of alignment/consistency of OA policies

› Lack of a pan-European coordinated approach to achieve OA

Policy environment: strategies for development and alignment of OA policies in Europe

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» PASTEUR4OA seeks to:

› Advance understanding and awareness about OA

› Stimulate OA policy development at national level aligned to the EC Recommendation and the Horizon 2020 OA mandate

› Establish a coordinated network of expert organisations that advance an aligned policy environment in Europe

» PASTEUR4OA assessment of OA policies demonstrates that:

› Funders and institutions OA policies do not always achieve the expected results and the levels of deposits are still low

› Policies are inefficient because:

– there are loopholes in the wording

– there are no systems in place to support policy development

– policies are not monitored and evaluated

› OA policies are more effective if:

– deposit is mandatory

– deposit cannot be waived

– deposit is linked with research evaluation

Policy environment: OA policies effectiveness

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» Funders and institutions OA policies are often expressed in different ways

» Authors find challenges when having to comply with one or multiple OA policies

» A schema that requests funders and institutions to express their OA policies in a consistent and structured way can:› Enable authors to access information that is documented in a systematic way

› Provide authors with clear guidance on distinct policies

› Ensure that compliance with OA policies is monitored in a systematic way

› Promote policy alignment and harmonisation across Member states

Policy environment: a schema for OA policies

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» Informing UK universities and researchers about the Horizon 2020 OA mandate and compliance requirements > > OpenAIRE 2020

» Keeping up to date on better coordinated approaches to OA policy compliance and alignment across Europe

» Learning about effectiveness and global growth of OA policies which can help inform UK universities’ policies

» Supporting the uptake of the OA schema that will make it easier for funders and institutions to express their policies and for UK researchers to comply with those policies

Policy environment: what we are working towards

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Find out more…

Contact…

Mafalda PicarraPASTEUR4OA Project OfficerOpenAIRE NOAD

mafalda.picarra@jisc.ac.ukwww.jisc.ac.uk

» What’s happening?

› Researchers, departments and universities across Europe have fragmented financial arrangements for paying APCs

» Why it matters

› Universities cannot keep track of APCs, and so risk losing out

– eg paying more than they need to when offset schemes are in place

› Universities cannot report to research funders on what has been spent on APCs

› Universities risk not adopting efficient processes

Complicated and inconsistent financial arrangements

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» What we’re doing about it

› With our Knowledge Exchange partners, surveying universitiesto find out the facts

Complicated and inconsistent financial arrangements

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» What’s happening?

› Many international OA services are run on a best efforts basis, or on project money, in a completely unsustainable way

» Why it matters

› Key services might fail, leaving universities without important information or services

› Key services might not respond quickly enough in a rapidly changing environment

Sustaining infrastructure

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Sustaining infrastructure

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» What we’re doing about it?

› With our Knowledge Exchange partners we have conducted an audit of services, outlined some sustainability models, developed a self assessment checklist, started to engage funders

› Now we are mapping services to policies to show dependencies, to raise interest among those issuing OA policies – funders and universities

» What’s happening?

› As technology and policies change rapidly, there are new opportunities and obligations for researchers and universities. Not all of them have the skills to cope

» Why it matters

› Universities and researchers in the UK and EU risk being left behind by those in other parts of the world

› The potential of new technologies will not be fully exploited to produce excellent research

Skills

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» What we’re doing about it?

› Through the Digital Curation Centre, we are a partner in the FOSTER European project.

› Funding, support and materials for training in open science, including OA

Skills

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Find out more…

Contact…

Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC-BY-NC-ND

Neil JacobsHead of scholarly communicationssupport

neil.jacobs@jisc.ac.ukwww.jisc.ac.uk