Ms nadia zia & Ayesha Khan

CALL AssignmentCALL Assignment

Prepared by: Ayesha Khan (Roll no: 10)

Nadia Zia (Roll no: 17)

Prepared by: Ayesha Khan (Roll no: 10)

Nadia Zia (Roll no: 17)

Topic: sentence and Its Types Topic: sentence and Its Types

Abbreviation keysAbbreviation keys

Noun PhraseNoun Phrase

NN

NPNP

NounsssNounsss

PP PrepositionsPrepositions

SentenceSentence

SubjectSubject

VPVP Verbial PhraseVerbial Phrase

SubSub

VerbVerbVV

Prepositional PhrasePrepositional PhrasePPPP

SS

DetDet DeterminersDeterminers

What is a Sentence…….?What is a Sentence…….?

A sentence is made up of different words combined into a pattern that expresses a complete thought. A sentence also has terminal marks. e.g. You saw a camel in the desert.

A sentence is made up of different words combined into a pattern that expresses a complete thought. A sentence also has terminal marks. e.g. You saw a camel in the desert.

sentencesentence

PPPPVPVPSubSub

NN DetDet NNVV P P DetDet NN

YouYou sawsaw aa camelcamel thetheinin desertdesert

Two Pillars of SentenceTwo Pillars of Sentence

Subject and Predicate:Subject and Predicate:

The person / thing we talk about is called the subject, and what we say about it is called the predicate. e.g. She makes a lot of promises.

The person / thing we talk about is called the subject, and what we say about it is called the predicate. e.g. She makes a lot of promises.

Subject Subject

NP NP VP VP

Predicate Predicate

SheShe makes a lot of promises

makes a lot of promises

S S S S

N N Det Det

VP VP NP NP

The The went went boys boys

NP NP VP VP

Det Det N N

The The boys boys

V V PP PP

went went to the school to the school

Det Det

S S

Det Det

V V

NP NP VP VP

The The

PP PP

N N P P

studies studies child child

NP NP

N N

the the in in school school

Types of sentencesTypes of sentences

1- Simple Sentence:1- Simple Sentence:

Every sentence must contain a noun phrase and a verb phrase.e.g. The boys went. sub + v b

Every sentence must contain a noun phrase and a verb phrase.e.g. The boys went. sub + v b

S S

NP NP VP VP

The boys The boys went went

2- Compound Sentence:2- Compound Sentence:

Every compound sentence must contain at least two simple sentences joined by a coordinating conjunction. e.g. You play tennis, but I dislike it.

Every compound sentence must contain at least two simple sentences joined by a coordinating conjunction. e.g. You play tennis, but I dislike it.

Structure:Structure:

Independent clauseIndependent clause CoordinatorCoordinator Independent clauseIndependent clause

You play tennisYou play tennis butbut I dislike itI dislike it

coordinatorscoordinators

ForFor AndAnd NorNor ButBut OrOr YetYet SoSo

Tree Diagram of Compound SentencesTree Diagram of Compound Sentences

SS

S2S2S1S1 CCCC

VPVP NPNP VPVP

ititlikelike

VV NPNP

dislikedislikeII youyou,but,buttennistennis

VV objobj

NPNP

Complex SentencesComplex Sentences

Independent clause

Independent clause

Every complex sentence must contain one simple sentence and at least one dependent clause that include a subordinating conjunction and a simple sentence. e.g. He is buried in a place where shady trees grow.

Every complex sentence must contain one simple sentence and at least one dependent clause that include a subordinating conjunction and a simple sentence. e.g. He is buried in a place where shady trees grow.

Structure:Structure:

Few subordinating conjunctions are:Few subordinating conjunctions are:

AfterAfter

SinceSince UntilUntil

BeforeBefore ThatThat BecauseBecause WhereWhere WhomWhom

AsAs WhenWhen HowHow ThoughThough

He is buried in a place He is buried in a place where where Shady trees grow Shady trees grow

+

+

Subordinator Subordinator +

+

Dependent clause

Dependent clause

is buriedis buried

wherewhere

growgrowshady treesshady trees

placeplace

SS

VPVP

PPPP

PP

S1S1 DCDCSCSC

VV

NPNP

NPNP

PREPRESUBSUB

aa

DetDet

inin

HeHe

Thanks….Thanks….