Liddell TERN-super sites-phenology-ACEAS

Phenocams and the Australian SuperSite Network

Mike Liddell, SuperSite Facility Director

What is a TERN SuperSite?

1) An intensive field station in a typical and important biome

What is a TERN SuperSite?

1) An intensive field station in a typical and important biome2) Physical instrumentation

What is a TERN SuperSite?

1) An intensive field station in a typical and important biome2) Physical instrumentation3) Scientists and technical support staff

What is a TERN SuperSite?

1) An intensive field station in a typical and important biome2) Physical instrumentation3) Scientists and technical support staff4) Transect(s) or Contrasts (10- 400km)

What is a TERN SuperSite?

1) An intensive field station in a typical and important biome2) Physical instrumentation3) Scientists and technical support staff4) Transect(s) or Contrasts (10- 400km)5) One or more nodes.

What is a TERN SuperSite?

1) An intensive field station in a typical and important biome2) Physical instrumentation3) Scientists and technical support staff4) Transect(s) or Contrasts (10- 400km)5) One or more nodes.Core activities

What is a TERN SuperSite?

1) An intensive field station in a typical and important biome2) Physical instrumentation3) Scientists and technical support staff4) Transect(s) or Contrasts (10- 400km)5) One or more nodes.Core activitiesVegetation plot 1 Ha – field monitoring

What is a TERN SuperSite?

1) An intensive field station in a typical and important biome2) Physical instrumentation3) Scientists and technical support staff4) Transect(s) or Contrasts (10- 400km)5) One or more nodes.Core activitiesVegetation plot 1 Ha – field monitoringPlant physiological and soil/water measurements

What is a TERN SuperSite?

1) An intensive field station in a typical and important biome2) Physical instrumentation3) Scientists and technical support staff4) Transect(s) or Contrasts (10- 400km)5) One or more nodes.Core activitiesVegetation plot 1 Ha – field monitoringPlant physiological and soil/water measurementsFaunal monitoring – field and sensor monitoring

What is a TERN SuperSite?

1) An intensive field station in a typical and important biome2) Physical instrumentation3) Scientists and technical support staff4) Transect(s) or Contrasts (10- 400km)5) One or more nodes.Core activitiesVegetation plot 1 Ha – field monitoringPlant physiological and soil/water measurementsFaunal monitoring – field and sensor monitoringData / Web portal - linked to TDDP, LTERN and ANDS

What is a TERN SuperSite?

1) An intensive field station in a typical and important biome2) Physical instrumentation3) Scientists and technical support staff4) Transect(s) or Contrasts (10- 400km)5) One or more nodes.Core activitiesVegetation plot 1 Ha – field monitoringPlant physiological and soil/water measurementsFaunal monitoring – field and sensor monitoringData / Web portal - linked to TDDP, LTERN and ANDSOzFlux system – biogeochemical fluxes, microclimate

What is a TERN SuperSite?

1) An intensive field station in a typical and important biome2) Physical instrumentation3) Scientists and technical support staff4) Transect(s) or Contrasts (10- 400km)5) One or more nodes.Core activitiesVegetation plot 1 Ha – field monitoringPlant physiological and soil/water measurementsFaunal monitoring – field and sensor monitoringData / Web portal - linked to TDDP, LTERN and ANDSOzFlux system – biogeochemical fluxes, microclimateAuscover remoted sensed baseline data sets

(Lidar, Hyperspectral)

FNQ Rainforest

SEQ Peri-urban

Evolution of the SuperSites

FNQ Rainforest

SEQ Peri-urban

Warra Tall Eucalypt

Calperum Mallee

Great Western Woodland

Evolution of the SuperSites

FNQ Rainforest

SEQ Peri-urban

Cumberland Plain EucFACE

Tumbarumba Wet Eucalypt

Victorian Dry Eucalypt

Warra Tall Eucalypt

Calperum Mallee

Alice Mulga

Litchfield Savanna

Great Western Woodland

Evolution of the SuperSites

Question driven Monitoring Network wideEnvironmental sensitivity• How do plant drought-coping strategies differ

between temperate/winter-wet and tropical/summer-wet climates?

Question driven Monitoring Network wideEnvironmental sensitivity• How do plant drought-coping strategies differ

between temperate/winter-wet and tropical/summer-wet climates?Classical monitoring• Can we assess if contrasting ecosystems differ in their vulnerability to

extreme weather by measuring changes in vegetation structure and faunal biodiversity using consistent methods.

Question driven Monitoring Network wideEnvironmental sensitivity• How do plant drought-coping strategies differ

between temperate/winter-wet and tropical/summer-wet climates?Classical monitoring• Can we assess if contrasting ecosystems differ in their vulnerability to

extreme weather by measuring changes in vegetation structure and faunal biodiversity using consistent methods.

Technology• Can we use acoustic monitoring as a cost effective monitoring method to

assess faunal biodiversity changes (biodiversity indices)?• Meta DNA bar-coding: what are the background soil microbial communities

(Biome of Australia Soil Environments run by Bioplatforms Australia)?• Can we use phenocams as a cost effective, long term monitoring method to

track changes in the vegetation community from above the canopy?

Vegetation protocolsCore 1 ha plotVascular plant list - voucher specimensAbundance, Cover, StructureForests - Direct measures (stems ≥ 10 cm DBH); RAINFOR Gentry transects (stems < 10 cm DBH ); seedling transects

Rangelands - Direct measures (stems ≥ 10 cm DBH); Basal wedges; Point intercept method (augmented AusPlots)

Biomass - Woody plant DBH, Height, Species, Coarse Woody Debris, Clip plots,

Leaf Area Index - DCP, DHP, Point Intercept Method / clip plots PhotopointsPhenocameras (Auscover/Ozflux) - approach to be based on this months ACEAS workshop

Soil and Water protocolsCore 1 ha plot

Initial site and soil characterisation- Soil pit at flux tower, profile, bulk density, physico-chem analysis- 9 distributed cores for physico-chem analysis

Digital Elevation Model (Auscover)Soil instrumentation (Ozflux)- Soil volumetric water content, soil temp, soil heat flux

Soil metagenomics - 16S Bact/archea; ITS Fungi; 18S Euk/algal (Baseline)

Stream monitoring – flow, pH, N, P, major ions, EC etc

Bore(s) - depth logging, pH, N, P, major ions, EC etc

Fauna protocols

Bird SurveysAcoustic recording Approach based on ACEAS workshop 2012

eMAST Plant physiology measures 2010-2014Leaf and branch analyses• leaf area/thickness/mass/N/P/C/13C/15N/water potentialLeaf gas exchange measurements• measurements of photosynthesis and respiration• CO2 and light-response curves of photosynthesis• temperature response curves of respirationPlant water relations• Pre-dawn/midday leaf water potentials, pressure-volume curves • Whole tree hydraulic conductance

ModellingData assimilation - CABLE• Using the DART, CESN approach that NEON is adopting • SuperSites will look at providing field data streams

A collaborative Network approach

Coastal Facility

Where there is surface water at a SuperSite then collaborations are underway.Water monitoringAlbert / Logan Rivers (with SEQ SuperSite)Robson Ck (with FNQ SuperSite)• Physico-chemical characterisation • Flows Coastal Comms Monitoring of beach frontsCommercial IP camera solution to track changes in beaches due to erosion.

A collaborative Network approach

AusCover - satellite, 5 km x 5 km airborne LiDAR and Hyper-spectral scans, terrestrial laser scans, Digital elevation models, phenocams

Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR)

A collaborative Network approach

OzFlux - radiation, heat, water and CO2 flux measurements, Microclimate, soil sensors, towers for phenocams

A collaborative Network approach

ASN - NEON Interactions

Initial contact

Review vegetation protocols

Aug 2012

Nov 2012

Review Soil protocols

Jan 2013

ASN meeting /TERN SymposiumMOU

Review Flux measurements

Feb2013

Aug 2013

Review Data Systems

TBA

Model DataAssimilation

Feb2014

ASN - NEON Interactions

Initial contact

Review vegetation protocols

Aug 2012

Nov 2012

Review Soil protocols

Jan 2013

ASN meeting /TERN SymposiumMOU

Review Flux measurements

Feb2013

Aug 2013

Review Data Systems

TBA

Further interactions interaction will look at QA/QC, Science Education. Nikki Thurgate.

Continue working towards accurate, reproducible and cross-comparable protocols for ground measurements.

Advancing standardization, calibration, QA/QC and uncertainty quantification of measurements and data products.

Developing, testing and deploying new and emerging technologies

Model DataAssimilation

Feb2014

ASN Data Portal

FNQ Rainforest

FNQ Tropical Rainforest SuperSite

FNQ Rainforest

FNQ Tropical Rainforest SuperSite

FNQ Rainforest

FNQ Tropical Rainforest SuperSite

FNQ Rainforest

FNQ Tropical Rainforest SuperSite

FNQ Rainforest

FNQ Tropical Rainforest SuperSite

FNQ Rainforest

FNQ Tropical Rainforest SuperSite

FNQ Rainforest

FNQ Tropical Rainforest SuperSite

“What are the fundamental carbon & water stocks and flows in FNQ tropical forests and are these likely to change significantly in the future?”

“How does seasonal water availability relate to species distribution, growth and phenology?”

Robson Creek : Current Activities

Robson Creek : Current Activities

Robson Creek : Current Activities

Robson Creek : Current Activities

Robson Creek : Current Activities

Robson Creek : Current Activities

Robson Creek : Current Activities

Robson Creek : Current Activities

90 transects

7,319 seedlings tagged

90 transects

7,319 seedlings tagged

Robson Creek : Current Activities

90 transects

7,319 seedlings tagged

90 transects

7,319 seedlings tagged

Robson Creek : Current Activities

90 transects

7,319 seedlings tagged

90 transects

7,319 seedlings tagged

Robson Creek : Current Activities

90 transects

7,319 seedlings tagged

90 transects

7,319 seedlings tagged

Robson Creek : Current Activities

90 transects

7,319 seedlings tagged

90 transects

7,319 seedlings tagged

Robson Creek node

Lamb Range Simple Notophyll Vine Upland Rainforest 26 – 40m canopy

Robson Creek node

Lamb Range Simple Notophyll Vine Upland Rainforest 26 – 40m canopy Soil pit: Acidic, Dystrophic, Brown Dermosol

Robson Creek node

Lamb Range Simple Notophyll Vine Upland Rainforest 26 – 40m canopy Soil pit: Acidic, Dystrophic, Brown Dermosol Tower at 691m

Robson Creek node

Lamb Range Simple Notophyll Vine Upland Rainforest 26 – 40m canopy Soil pit: Acidic, Dystrophic, Brown Dermosol Tower at 691m Rainfall: 2000mm Tmean: 18.9oC

Robson Creek node

Lamb Range Simple Notophyll Vine Upland Rainforest 26 – 40m canopy Soil pit: Acidic, Dystrophic, Brown Dermosol Tower at 691m Rainfall: 2000mm Tmean: 18.9oC Tmin – max

oC 2.9 – 35.0

Robson Creek node

Lamb Range Simple Notophyll Vine Upland Rainforest 26 – 40m canopy Soil pit: Acidic, Dystrophic, Brown Dermosol Tower at 691m Rainfall: 2000mm Tmean: 18.9oC Tmin – max

oC 2.9 – 35.0 270 species/Ha (all plants)

Daintree Sites

Complex Type 1A mesophyll vine lowland rainforest

Daintree Rainforest Observatory (AKA. Cape Trib Crane)

Daintree Tower

Daintree Sites

Complex Type 1A mesophyll vine lowland rainforest Canopy height 25-35m

Daintree Rainforest Observatory (AKA. Cape Trib Crane)

Daintree Tower

Daintree Sites

Complex Type 1A mesophyll vine lowland rainforest Canopy height 25-35m Leaf area index 4

Daintree Rainforest Observatory (AKA. Cape Trib Crane)

Daintree Tower

Daintree Sites

Complex Type 1A mesophyll vine lowland rainforest Canopy height 25-35m Leaf area index 4 Elevation: 65m Daintree Rainforest Observatory

(AKA. Cape Trib Crane)

Daintree Tower

Daintree Sites

Complex Type 1A mesophyll vine lowland rainforest Canopy height 25-35m Leaf area index 4 Elevation: 65m Rainfall: 4200mm (DT) 5700mm (CT)

Daintree Rainforest Observatory (AKA. Cape Trib Crane)

Daintree Tower

Daintree Sites

Complex Type 1A mesophyll vine lowland rainforest Canopy height 25-35m Leaf area index 4 Elevation: 65m Rainfall: 4200mm (DT) 5700mm (CT) Tmean: 24.0 (CT) oC 24.3 (DT)Tmin – max

oC

Daintree Rainforest Observatory (AKA. Cape Trib Crane)

Daintree Tower

Daintree Sites

Complex Type 1A mesophyll vine lowland rainforest Canopy height 25-35m Leaf area index 4 Elevation: 65m Rainfall: 4200mm (DT) 5700mm (CT) Tmean: 24.0 (CT) oC 24.3 (DT)Tmin – max

oC Cape Tribulation 10.6 – 37.5

Daintree Rainforest Observatory (AKA. Cape Trib Crane)

Daintree Tower

Daintree Sites

Complex Type 1A mesophyll vine lowland rainforest Canopy height 25-35m Leaf area index 4 Elevation: 65m Rainfall: 4200mm (DT) 5700mm (CT) Tmean: 24.0 (CT) oC 24.3 (DT)Tmin – max

oC Cape Tribulation 10.6 – 37.5Daintree Tower 11.3 – 38.9

Daintree Rainforest Observatory (AKA. Cape Trib Crane)

Daintree Tower

Daintree Tower

Cape Tribulation Canopy Crane Daintree Rainforest Observatory

Cape Tribulation Canopy Crane Daintree Rainforest Observatory Classical observation phenology presence/absence flowering/fruiting

Cape Tribulation Canopy Crane Daintree Rainforest Observatory Classical observation phenology presence/absence flowering/fruiting 57 species

Cape Tribulation Canopy Crane Daintree Rainforest Observatory Classical observation phenology presence/absence flowering/fruiting 57 species

Acmena graveolens

Cape Tribulation Canopy Crane Daintree Rainforest Observatory Classical observation phenology presence/absence flowering/fruiting 57 species

Acmena graveolens

Cardwelia sublimis

Cape Tribulation Canopy Crane Daintree Rainforest Observatory Classical observation phenology presence/absence flowering/fruiting 57 species

Cardwelia sublimis

Acmena graveolens

SkyRail ‘Tramline’ Phenocam Study

Jan 2009 – Tower 8

Dec 2009 – Tower 8

Jan 2010 – Tower 8

SkyRail Transect 5km, 36 towers 25m to > 400m elevation

SkyRail ‘Tramline’ Phenocam Study

Jan 2009 – Tower 8

Dec 2009 – Tower 8

Jan 2010 – Tower 8

SkyRail Transect 5km, 36 towers 25m to > 400m elevation Access:open gondola

SkyRail ‘Tramline’ Phenocam Study

Jan 2009 – Tower 8

Dec 2009 – Tower 8

Jan 2010 – Tower 8

SkyRail Transect 5km, 36 towers 25m to > 400m elevation Access:open gondola Cameras: Sony A65 2013 - … 35mm 24MPSony DSLR α-700P 35mm 12MP, 200 01/2009 - 2013

SkyRail ‘Tramline’ Phenocam Study

Jan 2009 – Tower 8

Dec 2009 – Tower 8

Jan 2010 – Tower 8

SkyRail Transect 5km, 36 towers 25m to > 400m elevation Access:open gondola Cameras: Sony A65 2013 - … 35mm 24MPSony DSLR α-700P 35mm 12MP, 200 01/2009 - 2013 1300-1500 images/month, sorted

SkyRail ‘Tramline’ Phenocam Study

Road

To T8

T8 To T9

T9 to

T10

T10 To T11

T11 To T12

T15 To T16

T16 To T17

T17 To T18

T18 To T19

T19 To T20

T20 To T21

T21 To T22

T22 To T23

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T28 To T29

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T31 T0 T32

T32 To River

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14Flowers Skyrail January 2009

AcaCel *

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SkyRail ‘Tramline’ Phenocam Study

Abiotic measures T, RH, solar

Road

To T8

T8 To T9

T9 to

T10

T10 To T11

T11 To T12

T15 To T16

T16 To T17

T17 To T18

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14Flowers Skyrail January 2009

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SkyRail ‘Tramline’ Phenocam Study

Abiotic measures T, RH, solar Species 107

Road

To T8

T8 To T9

T9 to

T10

T10 To T11

T11 To T12

T15 To T16

T16 To T17

T17 To T18

T18 To T19

T19 To T20

T20 To T21

T21 To T22

T22 To T23

T23 To T24

T24 To T25

T28 To T29

T29 To T30

T30 To T31

T31 T0 T32

T32 To River

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14Flowers Skyrail January 2009

AcaCel *

Alst-Muell *

ArgPer *

Tower SiteN

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SkyRail ‘Tramline’ Phenocam Study

Abiotic measures T, RH, solar Species 107 Individuals 1644

Road

To T8

T8 To T9

T9 to

T10

T10 To T11

T11 To T12

T15 To T16

T16 To T17

T17 To T18

T18 To T19

T19 To T20

T20 To T21

T21 To T22

T22 To T23

T23 To T24

T24 To T25

T28 To T29

T29 To T30

T30 To T31

T31 T0 T32

T32 To River

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14Flowers Skyrail January 2009

AcaCel *

Alst-Muell *

ArgPer *

Tower SiteN

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Of

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SkyRail ‘Tramline’ Phenocam Study

Abiotic measures T, RH, solar Species 107 Individuals 1644 Processing time Photoshop scoring 1mo / 1mo data

Road

To T8

T8 To T9

T9 to

T10

T10 To T11

T11 To T12

T15 To T16

T16 To T17

T17 To T18

T18 To T19

T19 To T20

T20 To T21

T21 To T22

T22 To T23

T23 To T24

T24 To T25

T28 To T29

T29 To T30

T30 To T31

T31 T0 T32

T32 To River

0

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14Flowers Skyrail January 2009

AcaCel *

Alst-Muell *

ArgPer *

Tower SiteN

um

ber

Of

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es

SkyRail ‘Tramline’ Phenocam Study

Abiotic measures T, RH, solar Species 107 Individuals 1644 Processing time Photoshop scoring 1mo / 1mo data

Road

To T8

T8 To T9

T9 to

T10

T10 To T11

T11 To T12

T15 To T16

T16 To T17

T17 To T18

T18 To T19

T19 To T20

T20 To T21

T21 To T22

T22 To T23

T23 To T24

T24 To T25

T28 To T29

T29 To T30

T30 To T31

T31 T0 T32

T32 To River

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14Flowers Skyrail January 2009

AcaCel *

Alst-Muell *

ArgPer *

Tower SiteN

um

ber

Of

Tre

es

SkyRail ‘Tramline’ Phenocam Study

Abiotic measures T, RH, solar Species 107 Individuals 1644 Processing time Photoshop scoring 1mo / 1mo data

Road

To T8

T8 To T9

T9 to

T10

T10 To T11

T11 To T12

T15 To T16

T16 To T17

T17 To T18

T18 To T19

T19 To T20

T20 To T21

T21 To T22

T22 To T23

T23 To T24

T24 To T25

T28 To T29

T29 To T30

T30 To T31

T31 T0 T32

T32 To River

0

2

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8

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14Flowers Skyrail January 2009

AcaCel *

Alst-Muell *

ArgPer *

Tower SiteN

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ber

Of

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es

Road

To T8

T8 To T9

T9 To T10

T10 To T11

T11 To T12

T15 To T16

T16 To T17

T17 To T18

T18 To T19

T19 To T20

T20 To T21

T21 To T22

T22 To T23

T23 To T24

T24 To T25

T28 To T29

T29 To T30

T30 To T31

T31 To T32

T32 To River

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Flowers Skyrail January 2010

AcaCel *

Alst-Muell *

ArgPer *

Tower Site

Nu

mb

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Of

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SkyRail ‘Tramline’ Phenocam Study

Abiotic measures T, RH, solar Species 107 Individuals 1644 Processing time Photoshop scoring 1mo / 1mo data

Road

To T8

T8 To T9

T9 to

T10

T10 To T11

T11 To T12

T15 To T16

T16 To T17

T17 To T18

T18 To T19

T19 To T20

T20 To T21

T21 To T22

T22 To T23

T23 To T24

T24 To T25

T28 To T29

T29 To T30

T30 To T31

T31 T0 T32

T32 To River

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14Flowers Skyrail January 2009

AcaCel *

Alst-Muell *

ArgPer *

Tower SiteN

um

ber

Of

Tre

es

Road

To T8

T8 To T9

T9 To T10

T10 To T11

T11 To T12

T15 To T16

T16 To T17

T17 To T18

T18 To T19

T19 To T20

T20 To T21

T21 To T22

T22 To T23

T23 To T24

T24 To T25

T28 To T29

T29 To T30

T30 To T31

T31 To T32

T32 To River

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Flowers Skyrail January 2010

AcaCel *

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ArgPer *

Tower Site

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Cardwellia sublimis